Showing posts sorted by relevance for query long term effect. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query long term effect. Sort by date Show all posts

Wednesday, January 3, 2018

KCASA Adjustable Negative Ion SPA Pressurize Filtered Bathroom Shower Head

Read article : KCASA Adjustable Negative Ion SPA Pressurize Filtered Bathroom Shower Head
Best Selling! Top Quality Genuine Materials!
Impurities in your tap water will often dry your skin and cause an imbalance in your oil glands. 3 layers of mineralized spheres will greatly reduce impurities in your water
- With the purifying effect of the bioactive stones our shower heads will help you restore balance
- Health benefits may include smoother skin, reduce oil secretion, increase cell viability
- Remove 97% residual chlorine and heavy metals in the water
- Water-saving and environmental-friendly Current limiting and pressure boosting
- Three types of water spray, Free to switch
- Sending a soothing flow of water through 288 spray holes to gently cascade over you
- A smoothing rainfall shower will help you achieve full body relaxation
- Deodorization and Antibacterial function
- With negative ion activated ceramic balls, far infrared mineralized balls and antibacterial activated balls in the tube
- N-ion : 4600 parts per cubic centimeter
- UP to 89% health far infrared ray emissivity
- Suitable for men and women children pets

Special Features:
* 100% Brand New and High quality, with Ionic Filter Balls for water Filtration
* Anion activation ceramic balls have the function of increasing oxygen, diastolic pressure, reducing fatigue.
* With negative ion activated ceramic balls, far infrared mineralized balls and antibacterial
Material PC + ABS
Net Weight Shower head : 230g
Tube : 180g
Filler Mineralization ball
Head size 80mm
Handle Dimensions 180mm x 35mm
Connector Size 1/2 Connector
Color: Transparency OR Blue

Packing include 1 x KCASA Negative Ion SPA Pressurize Filtered Bathroom Shower Head
Color sent at Random and generally follow the color as shown in the head photo (1st picture)
If you prefer either Transparent or Blue color please tell us in your order

Health benefits of Far-infrared mineralization ball
• Far-infrared mineralization ball on on the role of the body that the adsorption of far-infrared mineralization ball can eliminate toxic substances in the intestine, the bacteria have a certain adsorption capacity, far-infrared mineralized ball by the detection of fifty-eight species of the body Beneficial long-term elements and trace elements, more importantly, many of which mineral elements in vivo activity of various enzymes in the center, can stimulate enzyme activity, improve the catalytic role of the enzyme, thereby improving the metabolism and promote nutrient digestion and Absorption, enhance disease resistance, and promote growth and development. Far-infrared mineralized ball mineral ball with high-quality medical stone as raw material, add a small amount of tourmaline powder, processed by a special process, with a strong adsorption and permeability, is a sterile non-toxic pollution-free water Mineralizing agent.
If long-term drinking by the far-infrared mineralization ball soaked in water, can protect liver and stomach, diuretic fossils, stable blood pressure, promote circulation, disease prevention and anti-cancer, longevity, skin care beauty, strong bones, develop intelligence, promote development, hemostasis , Far infrared mineralization balls are widely used in medical and health, food health, environmental protection, water quality improvement and beverage, wine, medicine, deodorant, crop and flower cultivation, poultry farming, aquaculture and other industries.

• Health benefits of Tourmaline ceramic ball:
- Manufacture alkaline water. Tourmaline ceramic ball with permanent electrodes, with far infrared emission. The permanent electrode makes existing tourmaline surface electric field strength of up to 107V/m in the range of tens of micrometers in thickness, can put the water molecules into OH- electrolytic electrolysis, H2O and H+, the hydrogen ion electron by weak current between the electrodes of tourmaline: 2H++2e and H2 increase with hydroxyl ions and water molecules to form negative ions: OH-+nH2O to OH- (H2O) n, the water is weak alkaline.
- The production of active water. Infrared radiation tourmaline generated by emission at room temperature in the wavelength of 4-14um, emission rate in more than 0.90, can be a strong incentive to water molecules, which is in the state of vibration, resulting in some hydrogen bond was broken, so that the water molecules are decomposed into large clusters of small water molecules containing only 5-6 water molecules, to achieve activation water, improve water penetration, dissolution and metabolism ability, can improve the microcirculation, enhance the immune ability.
Health efficacy. Tourmaline ceramic ball as a kind of health materials, has been widely used in functional health products.

Package:
- 1 Handheld Negative Ion SPA Pressurize Shower Head Blue/Silver
Small size: 210mm/(H), 65mm/ (Dia.)

Tuesday, February 20, 2018

Generic Seroquel (Quetiapine) - Anti-Depressants => ed-trust.com

Read article : Generic Seroquel (Quetiapine) - Anti-Depressants => ed-trust.com
Seroquel
Seroquel is an oral antipsychotic drug to treat major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

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25 mg x 30 pills

$39.99

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25 mg x 60 pills

$56.99

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25 mg x 90 pills

$72.99

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25 mg x 120 pills

$89.99

$0.75

$69.60

25 mg x 180 pills

$132.99

$0.74

$106.20

25 mg x 360 pills

$255.99

$0.71

$223.20

Package

Price

Per Pills

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50 mg x 30 pills

$55.99

$1.87

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50 mg x 60 pills

$90.99

$1.52

$21.00

50 mg x 90 pills

$121.99

$1.35

$46.80

50 mg x 120 pills

$149.99

$1.25

$74.40

50 mg x 180 pills

$210.99

$1.17

$126.00

Package

Price

Per Pills

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100 mg x 30 pills

$78.99

$2.62

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100 mg x 60 pills

$117.99

$1.96

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100 mg x 90 pills

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100 mg x 120 pills

$169.99

$1.42

$144.00

100 mg x 180 pills

$240.99

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Package

Price

Per Pills

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200 mg x 30 pills

$133.99

$4.45

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200 mg x 60 pills

$208.99

$3.49

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200 mg x 90 pills

$274.99

$3.05

$126.00

200 mg x 120 pills

$343.99

$2.87

$189.60

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

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300 mg x 30 pills

$165.99

$5.53

$0.00

300 mg x 60 pills

$263.99

$4.40

$67.80

300 mg x 90 pills

$367.99

$4.09

$129.60

Product Description

Common use
Seroquel is an oral antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medication used for treating schizophrenia and acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. It shows more affinity with serotonin receptors (5-HT2) than with dopamine receptors D1 and D2 in the brain. It also active toward the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor and less active toward alpha 2 adrenoreceptor. Duration of binding with 5-HT2-serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors is less than 12 hours. Mechanism of Quetiapine action is unknown. Though it is supposed that the therapeutic effect is mediated through a combination of dopamine type 2 (D2) and serotonin type 2 (5HT2) receptor antagonism. This medication is used to treat acute and chronic psychosis also ones in patients with schizophrenia.

Dosage and direction
Seroquel should be taken twice or thrice daily with or without food with a full glass of water. Swallo the tablet whole, do not crush or chew an extended-release tablet. Daily dose of four first therapeutic days is 50 mg, 100 mg (second day), 200 mg (third day), 300 mg (fourth day). Starting from the fourth day the dosage should be adjusted to the level of effective one (which can reach 750 mg daily). In patients with liver or kidney failure initial dose is 25 mg/day increased gradually by 25-50 mg till the effective dose is reached. Take exactly as prescribed by your physician and do not exceed the recommended dose.

Precautions
This medication affects ability to high concentration of attention so it may affect your ability to drive a car or operate machinery. Before to take Seroquel notify your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, heart rhythm problems, heart attack or stroke in history, a history of low white blood cell counts, a thyroid disorder, high cholesterol or triglycerides, a personal or family history of diabetes, trouble swallowing, as you may need your dosage to be adjusted or pass special safety tests for this medication.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Seroquel should be used with cautiousness in patients with hypotension, epilepsy and epileptic seizures in history. Seroquel may contribute to development of heart failure, pneumonia, sudden death, in older adults with conditions caused by dementia.

Possible side effect
Seroquel antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug. Most common and frequent adverse effects of Seroquel are headache, agitation, dizziness, drowsiness, weight gain and stomach upset. Long term use of this medication may cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia, a neurologic disease which consists of involuntary movements of the jaw, lips, and tongue. Other side effects concern nervous system: headache, anxiety, fatigue, hostility, agitation, insomnia, tremors, convulsions, depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, the lability of the autonomic nervous system increased activity of CPK). Adverse effects of Quetiapine for cardiovascular system are: tachycardia, prolongation of the interval QT. Dryness of the oral mucosa, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, increased activity of "liver" transaminases, pharyngitis, rhinitis may also appear. Allergic reactions such as skin rash, eosinophilia are also not excluded.

Drug interaction
Phenytoin (Dilantin) and thioridazine (Mellaril) decrease absorption of Seroquel in intestines and decrease its effects. Seroquel interacts with narcotic pain relievers, medications for hypertension interact with and their activities add: oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Endocet), barbiturates, alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), ethanol, prazosin (Minipress) and terazosin (Hytrin). Toxicity of Quetiapine may increase if it is co-administered with the drugs able to influence work of cytochrome P450 which is responsible for metabolism of Seroquel, these drugs are: ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fluconazole (Diflucan), erythromycin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), nefazodone (Serzone), verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan), diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, Dilacor).

Missed dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time of your next dose just skip the missed dose and return to your schedule. Do not double dose this medication to make up the missed dose.

Overdose
If you took too much of Seroquel you may experience such symptomes: extreme drowsiness, fast heart rate, feeling light-headed, or fainting. If you suppose that took too much for this medication seek for immediate medical help.

Storage
Store Seroquel at room temperature, 15-30 C (59-86 F) away from sunlight, moisture, children and pets.

Disclaimer
We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.

Monday, October 23, 2017

Generic Seroquel (Quetiapine) - Anti-Depressants => ed-trust.com

Read article : Generic Seroquel (Quetiapine) - Anti-Depressants => ed-trust.com
Seroquel
Seroquel is an oral antipsychotic drug to treat major depressive disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

Order

25 mg x 30 pills

$39.99

$1.33

$0.00

25 mg x 60 pills

$56.99

$0.95

$22.80

25 mg x 90 pills

$72.99

$0.81

$46.80

25 mg x 120 pills

$89.99

$0.75

$69.60

25 mg x 180 pills

$132.99

$0.74

$106.20

25 mg x 360 pills

$255.99

$0.71

$223.20

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

Order

50 mg x 30 pills

$55.99

$1.87

$0.00

50 mg x 60 pills

$90.99

$1.52

$21.00

50 mg x 90 pills

$121.99

$1.35

$46.80

50 mg x 120 pills

$149.99

$1.25

$74.40

50 mg x 180 pills

$210.99

$1.17

$126.00

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

Order

100 mg x 30 pills

$78.99

$2.62

$0.00

100 mg x 60 pills

$117.99

$1.96

$39.60

100 mg x 90 pills

$146.99

$1.63

$89.10

100 mg x 120 pills

$169.99

$1.42

$144.00

100 mg x 180 pills

$240.99

$1.34

$230.40

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

Order

200 mg x 30 pills

$133.99

$4.45

$0.00

200 mg x 60 pills

$208.99

$3.49

$57.60

200 mg x 90 pills

$274.99

$3.05

$126.00

200 mg x 120 pills

$343.99

$2.87

$189.60

Package

Price

Per Pills

Savings

Order

300 mg x 30 pills

$165.99

$5.53

$0.00

300 mg x 60 pills

$263.99

$4.40

$67.80

300 mg x 90 pills

$367.99

$4.09

$129.60

Product Description

Common use
Seroquel is an oral antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medication used for treating schizophrenia and acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. It shows more affinity with serotonin receptors (5-HT2) than with dopamine receptors D1 and D2 in the brain. It also active toward the alpha 1 adrenoreceptor and less active toward alpha 2 adrenoreceptor. Duration of binding with 5-HT2-serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors is less than 12 hours. Mechanism of Quetiapine action is unknown. Though it is supposed that the therapeutic effect is mediated through a combination of dopamine type 2 (D2) and serotonin type 2 (5HT2) receptor antagonism. This medication is used to treat acute and chronic psychosis also ones in patients with schizophrenia.

Dosage and direction
Seroquel should be taken twice or thrice daily with or without food with a full glass of water. Swallo the tablet whole, do not crush or chew an extended-release tablet. Daily dose of four first therapeutic days is 50 mg, 100 mg (second day), 200 mg (third day), 300 mg (fourth day). Starting from the fourth day the dosage should be adjusted to the level of effective one (which can reach 750 mg daily). In patients with liver or kidney failure initial dose is 25 mg/day increased gradually by 25-50 mg till the effective dose is reached. Take exactly as prescribed by your physician and do not exceed the recommended dose.

Precautions
This medication affects ability to high concentration of attention so it may affect your ability to drive a car or operate machinery. Before to take Seroquel notify your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, heart rhythm problems, heart attack or stroke in history, a history of low white blood cell counts, a thyroid disorder, high cholesterol or triglycerides, a personal or family history of diabetes, trouble swallowing, as you may need your dosage to be adjusted or pass special safety tests for this medication.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Seroquel should be used with cautiousness in patients with hypotension, epilepsy and epileptic seizures in history. Seroquel may contribute to development of heart failure, pneumonia, sudden death, in older adults with conditions caused by dementia.

Possible side effect
Seroquel antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug. Most common and frequent adverse effects of Seroquel are headache, agitation, dizziness, drowsiness, weight gain and stomach upset. Long term use of this medication may cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia, a neurologic disease which consists of involuntary movements of the jaw, lips, and tongue. Other side effects concern nervous system: headache, anxiety, fatigue, hostility, agitation, insomnia, tremors, convulsions, depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, the lability of the autonomic nervous system increased activity of CPK). Adverse effects of Quetiapine for cardiovascular system are: tachycardia, prolongation of the interval QT. Dryness of the oral mucosa, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, increased activity of "liver" transaminases, pharyngitis, rhinitis may also appear. Allergic reactions such as skin rash, eosinophilia are also not excluded.

Drug interaction
Phenytoin (Dilantin) and thioridazine (Mellaril) decrease absorption of Seroquel in intestines and decrease its effects. Seroquel interacts with narcotic pain relievers, medications for hypertension interact with and their activities add: oxycodone and acetaminophen (Percocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Endocet), barbiturates, alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), ethanol, prazosin (Minipress) and terazosin (Hytrin). Toxicity of Quetiapine may increase if it is co-administered with the drugs able to influence work of cytochrome P450 which is responsible for metabolism of Seroquel, these drugs are: ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Sporanox), fluconazole (Diflucan), erythromycin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), nefazodone (Serzone), verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan), diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac, Dilacor).

Missed dose
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time of your next dose just skip the missed dose and return to your schedule. Do not double dose this medication to make up the missed dose.

Overdose
If you took too much of Seroquel you may experience such symptomes: extreme drowsiness, fast heart rate, feeling light-headed, or fainting. If you suppose that took too much for this medication seek for immediate medical help.

Storage
Store Seroquel at room temperature, 15-30 C (59-86 F) away from sunlight, moisture, children and pets.

Disclaimer
We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.

Monday, January 15, 2018

Rental Warrant of Fitness for Wellington

Read article : Rental Warrant of Fitness for Wellington

Thursday 17 August

Rental Warrant of Fitness for Wellington

Wellington City Council is partnering with the University of Otago, Wellington, to launch a voluntary Rental Warrant of Fitness for minimum housing standards in Wellington, Mayor Justin Lester has announced.

“We want to lift rental standards in our city and make better accommodation available for people. Every Wellingtonian deserves a warm, dry home," says the Mayor.

“We’re pleased to announce the first Rental Warrant of Fitness in New Zealand, alongside public health experts from the University of Otago.

“We’re partnering with the University and will be launching an app that will allow tenants and landlords to check their house against minimum health standards designed by experts, and allow landlords to request a full inspection by a professional to be certified as meeting the standard.

“This will give landlords the chance to promote their house as being warm and dry, and give prospective renters an assurance the home they are looking to live in meets the standard.

“All available analysis strongly indicates that improved quality of housing leads to improving health, social and financial outcomes."

Deputy Mayor and Housing Portfolio Leader Paul Eagle says improving the quality of the housing stock was a key goal for the Council.

“This is just the start – through our Long Term Plan we will be introducing a Wellington Housing Quality Standard that will incorporate both personal health and earthquake resilience, and be tailored to Wellington’s needs. Information from this voluntary scheme will help inform the permanent standard Council introduces," he says.

Philippa Howden-Chapman, Professor of Public Health at the University of Otago, Wellington, says “The Rental Warrant of Fitness is the first scheme in the country that is taking action and helping raise the standards of our homes. It focuses on areas of the home that we know have the greatest chance of improving the occupants’ health.

“We will be launching the Rental Warrant of Fitness in Wellington on August 28, and I urge landlords to get behind this and use it as a tool to raise the level of their property to a minimum standard.”

Council will consider the partnership for approval at next week’s City Strategy Meeting on Thursday 24 August.


Q&A - Rental Warrant of Fitness (RWoF)

Who created the Rental Warrant of Fitness?

The Rental Warrant of Fitness is a University of Otago, Wellington initiative that is the result of many years research, working with industry experts and conducting practical trials. Wellington City Council and four other Councils (Auckland, Tauranga, Christchurch and Dunedin) took part in the 2014 Trial of this Rental Warrant of Fitness. Wellington City Council is supporting the Rental Warrant of Fitness as a voluntary scheme for the city.

This will help inform a Wellington Housing Standard that will take into account our city's unique layout and earthquake risks.

Who funded this scheme?

The Health Research Council of New Zealand funded the University of Otago, Wellington to develop and launch the Rental WoF, train the inspectors and evaluate its overall costs and benefits, including the impact on tenants’ health. The Hutt Mana Charitable Trust funded the monitoring of the rental housing market in the Hutt Valley, which as yet has not introduced the Rental WoF and will enable us to see the overall effect of the Rental WoF. Otherwise the scheme is self-funding. More info can be found here www.rwof.org.nz

How does the assessment work?

Landlords (or tenants with their landlord's permission) can book a Rental Warrant of Fitness inspection on Wellington City Council’s website from August 28.

We’re partnering with qualified building inspectors who will come to the house and carry out an assessment which will take around an hour to complete.

You will receive a pass or fail on the spot.

A report will be emailed to you shortly thereafter.

If the house fails the assessment you have 6 months to meet the criteria and re-book a follow up assessment for free.

The Rental Warrant of Fitness is valid for three years.

What areas of the house are assessed? How many questions are there?

The Rental Warrant inspection has 29 criteria and 63 questions.

The assessment covers insulation, heating, ventilation, structural stability, sanitation, and hazard identification.

Every question must achieve a pass for the Rental Warrant of Fitness to be achieved. (like a vehicle WOF)

A self-assessment app is available on the Wellington City Council website from 28 August. Anyone can download for free. This will give a good understanding of how close the house is to meeting the Rental Warrant of Fitness assessment standard.

How long is the RWoF valid for?

Three years.

How much does the Rental Warrant of Fitness inspection cost?

The professional inspection and assessment is $250.

If the house doesn’t pass there is a six month window to get the work done and have a re-assessment done for free.

How do I pay for the inspection?

Payment is made either through the website when requesting an inspection or on the day of the inspection.

Is it voluntary?

Yes. Right now this is something landlords can choose to take part in to demonstrate they are responsible landlords. It gives them the chance to stand out in the market and show prospective renters the home they are looking to live in meets the standard.

Can anyone choose to get a Rental Warrant of Fitness?

Yes. Although it is designed for rental properties, it does set a safe, warm, dry standard for all housing.

Is the RWoF for stand-alone houses and apartments?

It’s been designed and tested on both.

If my house doesn’t pass, can I re-book a follow up inspection for free?

Yes, you have up to six months to make the necessary changes and re-book at no cost.

Can anyone use the self-assessment app?

Yes. The self-assessment app is free and will be available from 28 August.

The self-assessment app does not give a valid pass or fail and you cannot claim to have a Rental Warrant of Fitness as a result of doing the self-assessment.

However, it will give a good indication of the state of the house.

How were the questions/criteria selected for the Rental Warrant of Fitness?

The Rental Warrant of Fitness was developed by the University of Otago, the New Zealand Green Building Council and the Accident Compensation Corporation in combination with five City Councils. The RWoF focuses on features that are supported by evidence that these changes reduce unintentional injury in the home, improve occupants’ health status, reduce school absences, and lead to greater household energy efficiency.

What’s the Wellington Housing Standard?

Wellington City Council is developing criteria that will set a standard for homes that incorporates both personal health and earthquake resilience. Wellington has some unique challenges and we want to create a standard that is designed specifically for our city.

Will the City Housing homes go through the Rental Warrant of Fitness scheme?

We're in the middle of a $400 million dollar upgrade programme to bring all of our buildings up to modern standards. Once that upgrade is completed, all of our City Housing Properties will pass the WOF.

City Housing is involved in developing our permanent Wellington Housing Standard

The 29 questions for the Rental WOF are:

Appendix A: Assessment Criteria

1. Is there a functional, safe stove-top and oven? (Yes/no)

2. Is there adequate space for food preparation and storage? (Yes/no)

3. Is there an adequate supply of hot and cold potable water? (Yes/no)

4. Is the hot-water at the tap 55C (±5C?) (Yes/no)

5. Is there a functional toilet, which does not have a cracked or broken seat, cistern or bowl? (Yes/no)

6. Is there a suitably located bath or shower in good working order? (Yes/no)

7. Are there secure or high level cupboards or shelves for storing hazardous or toxic substances out of children's reach? (Yes/no)

8. Is there a adequate form of safe and effective space heating? (Yes/no)

9. Do the bathroom, kitchen and all bedrooms have some form of ventilation to outside? (Yes/no)

10. Is the house reasonably free of visible mould, i.e. the total area of mould is less than an A4 sheet of paper? (Yes/no)

11. Are power outlets, light switches and wiring safe and in good working order? (Yes/no)

12. Is there adequate indoor lighting? (Yes/no)

13. Does the house have adequate working smoke alarms? (Yes/no)

14. Have the windows got effective latches? (Yes/no)

15. Do high level windows have security stays to prevent falls? (Yes/no)

16. Are there curtains or blinds in the bedrooms and living area? (Yes/no)

17. Do glass doors have safety visibility strips? (Yes/no)

18. Does the house have ceiling insulation to WOF standards? (Yes/no)

19. Does the house have underfloor insulation to WOF standards? (Yes/no)

20. Is a ground vapour barrier installed under the ground floor? (Yes/no)

21. Is the house weathertight with no evident leaks, or moisture stains on the walls or ceiling? (Yes/no)

22. Is the house in a reasonable state of repair? (Yes/no)

23. Is the storm and waste water drainage being adequately discharged? (Yes/no)

24. Is there any water ponding under the house? (Yes/no)

25. Is there adequate outdoor lighting near entrance ways? (Yes/no)

26. Does the house appear to be structurally sound? (Yes/no)

27. Are there handrails for all internal stairs and all outdoor steps that access the house, and do balconies/decks have balustrades to the current Building Code? (Yes/no)

28. Is the address clearly labelled and identifiable? (Yes/no)

29. Are there securely locking doors? (Yes/no)


ends

© Scoop Media

Tuesday, August 22, 2017

Bath Federation of Small Businesses chief on HMOs: 'Whole system is unfair'

Read article : Bath Federation of Small Businesses chief on HMOs: 'Whole system is unfair'

The chairwoman of the city’s Federation of Small Businesses has given her views on houses let via Airbnb and other unregulated rentable properties.

Angela MacAusland said: “They’re taking business away from independent guesthouses and not paying business rates because a lot of them are Airbnb, which is unfair.

“There’s a bigger picture in play here.

“When you talk about business rates there’s HMOs (houses of multiple occupancy). They’re not liable for business rates at all, and the party houses are essentially HMOs that are rented out at weekends rather than long-term lets.

“There’s quite a lot of party houses in Bath that are springing up.

“There’s a lot of student accommodation and it’s obviously more affordable for the person who owns that property [to house students there].”

She echoed what Bath MP Wera Hobhouse and Councillor Bob Goodman said in that a change in the law may be needed.

“The whole system is unfair. It’s not just in Bath. Legislation would have to change,” Ms MacAusland said.

“But the reason why it’s not more noticeable in Bath is because there’s houses that are in the same street as independent guest houses and hotels and it’s taking business away from those places.”

What can be done?

“It’s a national thing but locally [a possible answer] is not to permit planning permission or change of use permission for those places,” Ms MacAusland said.

“B&NES Council planning department do have the power to refuse change of use applications.

“When there are multiple houses that are party houses, it’s having an effect on the residents who are having to live, on weekends and during the week, with people who are there to party.”

Monday, February 5, 2018

Marching to recovery 5/5 - Builders' Merchants News

Read article : Marching to recovery 5/5 - Builders' Merchants News

Published:  22 March, 2011

This report was first published in Builders' Merchants News December 2010/January 2011 issue.

Nick McGrellis, managing director of Croydex, the bathroom accessories company says that one of the biggest trends in terms of showers next year is likely to be water-saving features.

“Another trend which we believe is likely to continue in 2011 is that for combi shower sets that have a fixed head and a separate removeable handset. These are a great space-saving solution in the smaller bathroom or en-suite, as they are particularly suitable for in-bath showering and can be added to any existing mixer valve shower.”

Mike Lawrence, managing director of one-stop-shop kitchen distributor, Waterline, says  business for imagemerchants in 2011 will come from refurbishment: “Consumers are improving, not moving and the kitchen is the focus of attention. This can be anything from a complete refit to replacing the sink, tap and appliances for a new, up-to-date look.

“Pitiful rates for savers combined with fierce competition within the kitchen industry mean there has never been a better time for consumers to refurbish the heart of the home.”

imageGary Hawkins, Impulse Bathrooms’ general manager, says 2011 will continue to be somewhat constricted for the bathroom industry.  “There is pressure on the demand for new homes to be built, even if the majority is likely to be social housing, and this should provide some optimism.

“Domestic refurbishment should see a skew towards money-saving home improvements such as water and energy saving. However, this should not mean giving an inroad to cheap, substandard imported product from dubious sources.

“Driving prices down at the expense of quality and performance does not really help any part of the industry. It may seem like a quick fix but it is not a sustainable, long-term business strategy.

“Although the consumer is looking for a ‘deal’ because of the economic climate when the price of everything is rising, it is much preferable to offer real savings like water saving products which, for those with metered supplies.

“I also think the steeply rising cost of fuel will make people ‘let their fingers do the walking’ doing more research on the internet rather than driving around showrooms.The trade should promote the benefits of dealing with merchants with a reputation for reliability, good know-ledgeable advice and support services. This is where the merchant has the advantage over the internet suppliers where price is the main criterion.”

With the growing demand for water and its subsequent increases in cost, as well as the well-known adverse impacts this can have on local environments, the UK market demand for rainwater recycling systems is increasing, according to the UK Rainwater Harvesting Association.

John Goodwin, UK sales manager of Oaklands Environmental, a manufacturer of sustainable drainage imagesystems, specialising in stormwater management, sewage treatment, rainwater harvesting and oil/water interceptors as its core products.

He believes there is a market for rainwater harvesting systems – and one that merchants can use to their advantage. “While the infrastructure market has been hard hit over the last couple of years, the sewage treatment business has remained reasonably buoyant, largely being funded and promoted through the self-build market,” he explains.

Business may be slow for many, but Oaklands is still moving products and growing their business, but not in the market sectors it did 18 months ago, Mr Goodwin admits. “We are focusing on social and affordable housing, working with housing associations and the companies involved with housing associations to promote the use of rainwater harvesting systems in their projects.

“There has been tremendous market growth in this sector over the past two years, chiefly driven by the Homes and Communities Agency, with its partial funding for housing associations and local authorities to get affordablehousing schemes moving.

“The HCA has now had its budgets cut as have local councils and many projects have been culled. What the overall knock-on effect will be remains to be seen.

“Many of the companies we have dealt with over the past 12 months have said there was work in the pipeline, but it all hinged on the type of funding that would become available from the HCA, housing associations and local authorities”.

Mr Goodwin believes that the opportunities for market growth will still be there. “In different parts of the country the need for rainwater harvesting has to be pushed much harder,” he says.

This is particularly true for those regions where there have been water shortages,  hosepipe bans, water meters installed and people generally having to pay increased charges for their water.

“It isn’t an everyday sale for a merchant, but one that they need to consider. Rainwater harvesting systems are a non-stock item that they can promote and sell and which offer excellent profit opportunities.”

“Although housebuilding may be a difficult market for most of this year, housebuilders have to consider offering suitable rainwater harvesting systems as a sustainable item that may give them the edge in a competitive market.”

“Merchants need to promote awareness of rainwater harvesting through their contacts with the all housebuilders from the self-builder and small local housing contractors to the large national organisations.”

Timber is a volatile sector and although it has been weathering the economic storm, it has not been without casualties.

imageRod Allan, managing director of Finnforest UK says a globally leaner approach to the market means that there will not be the speculative production previously experienced and it is highly unlikely that those sawmills mothballed in 2009-10 will be reopened in 2011.

“Both forest owners and sawmillers will look to manage the market through restricting supply, borne out of the need for timber producers to maintain material prices and reduce market volatility.

“This does mean that the UK will have to continue to compete with other countries for the limited supply that does exist. With forest ownership at its core, it does mean that Finnforest is well placed to compete in both the global and local market places.

“We are seeing a growth in demand for timber products, but it is fair to say that this demand is now coming from the private commercial developer.

“The development of engineered timber systems that respond to the challenges of private commercial market sectors such as retail, leisure, commercial and industrial can provide merchants with solutions by which to reach this audience.”

imageDavid McElroy, deputy managing director, commercial of Norbord Europe adds that rising prices will be an ongoing theme during 2011. “One silver lining is that market forces and euro exchange rates mean that plywood – all of which is imported – is now in short  supply in the UK. This is good news for the UK’s OSB manufacturers. We can build market share and that’s good for UK jobs, too.

“Because of the price pressures, we are focusing on value lines and value-added products.

“We have already re-positioned our chipboard flooring and fixing accessory lines and we have revised our offering to give customers new product lines attractively presented and competitively priced.

“My worst-case scenario is a flat year to come. But it takes a long time to recover from a decade of overspending, so recovery will be very slow.”

SCA Timber Supplies’ sales director Stephen King says the company has noticed more just-in-time imagepurchasing from merchants on planed timber. “There is a degree of hope that private sector housebuilding will take up at least some of the slack. It will be well into the spring, though, if not early summer,before we can see the trends clearly.”

imageAnders Ek, SCA Timber’s international marketing director in Sweden, adds: “As we look across Europe, there’s a difference in the performance of timber markets. The sharpest drop in performance has so far been seen in Britain, no doubt due to the austerity measures being taken in the UK and their potential effects on construction.

“There have already been curtailments in timber production in many European mills.

“These curtailments will make a difference in reducing sawmills’ inventories, but on price, we will have to see what the supply and demand picture brings in the early part of 2011.”

Wednesday, March 21, 2018

Turn Your Master Bath Into A Spa Retreat

Read article : Turn Your Master Bath Into A Spa Retreat

A Spa Sanctuary: Get away from it all and turn your master bath into a spa retreat


As you slip deeper into the bubbling, effervescent silky water, warming and moistening your body, your fingers trace the limestone tub. The lights dimmed low, you willingly release the pent up tension of the busy week; with work and kids, you haven’t had a chance to get away.

As you fall further into a calming state of meditation, your trance is broken once your mind begins to question when you were last at a spa. A few months ago? A year? Who cares — your bathroom’s your retreat now.

Not surprisingly, many Scottsdale residents have been ditching the hotel-based day spa and creating that spa experience right in their own bathrooms — for years, even — and they only continue to do so, especially with bathrooms growing in size.

But this doesn’t mean day spas don’t spark inspiration for homeowners just looking for an easier, more accessible means to de-stress and get away from it all — in their bathrooms.
“The bathroom is more than just a place to brush your teeth,” says Jeremy Smith of Central Arizona Supply in Scottsdale. “It’s now a place where you can take time to relax.

“What has really made it more spa-like and people creating more of a spa experience has definitely been led by people going to hotels,” Smith says, “and seeing these hotels have changed the way they do bathrooms.”

Paige Snodgrass, a showroom consultant at the Ferguson Bath, Kitchen & Lighting Gallery in Scottsdale, has witnessed this trend over the past year as well.

“Eight of every 10 clients I work with are trying to make (their master baths) more of a spa,” Snodgrass says. “This is truly a retreat for them.”

Both agree that homeowners are now spending the extra cash on themselves, to get what they want instead of merely what they need, to make more long-term goals with their master baths to make it that “special room,” as Snodgrass puts it.

“It’s the way of thinking that’s changed,” Smith says. “Now it is much more, ‘What do I want in this bathroom for myself?’ ”

Creating the experience can be as minimal as replacing a shower head to a complete, more elaborate remodel.

One shower head to consider is the Raindance AIR Series from Hansgrohe, which is an AIR-injected shower that adds one part air to every two parts water. Depending on the head and finish, you can purchase this item from $120 to more than $5,000.

“With this new technology, it feels like you’re standing in the rain, which is actually relaxing,” Smith says.

Over the past year, one change Smith has witnessed is an increase in freestanding bath sales. He says in the past, 90 percent of Central Arizona Supply’s sales were comprised of regular bathtubs. Now, it has become a battle of the baths with freestanding tubs taking 50 percent of the business.

“Freestanding can free up to two or three feet of space, making your current bathroom bigger,” Smith says. “So, that’s the reason you’re seeing this trend — as well as they’re beautiful, so it’s an aesthetic thing.”

Spa RetreatBut the regular bathtubs are fighting back — with the Jason Hydrotherapy tub.

“Since (the Jason Hydrotherapy tub) came out four months ago, our tub sales have gone through the roof,” Smith says, “and that has really balanced the freestanding baths we’ve been selling more of.”

Jason Hydrotherapy tubs, priced at $14,790, are unique in that they are the only tubs that use Microsilk, which are oxygen-rich microbubbles. These clouds of oxygen penetrate deep into your pores for a more thorough cleansing, moisturizing your skin. They also keep your bathwater warm, so you don’t have to add more hot water. It’s also “a technology they’ve been using to clean clams,” Smith adds.

Snodgrass calls bathtubs similar to the Jason Hydrotherapy tub “combination tubs.” These tubs have jets and air bubbles, and the purchaser can have the “best of both worlds,” she says. The No. 1 reason why customers will opt for these tubs in their spa bath? According to Snodgrass, it’s all about the health and stress-reducing benefits.

“The main reason people will put combination tubs in their master bath is for the therapeutic reasons to aid in mental wellness and help your mood,” she says.

Spa RetreatOther unique products Smith and Snodgrass have been selling in their respective showrooms include the Numi toilet, which comes complete with feet warming capabilities, a deodorizer, a heated seat, an integrated air dryer and more. “People love it,” Snodgrass adds. This product is perfect for those who want to spend more time in their bathrooms.

On the other hand, there’s the Electric Mirror waterproof TV. This amenity can be found in luxury hotels and can help complete the spa experience in your master bath, but it can also help those multitasking individuals maintain efficiency in the mornings.

A master bath remodel into a spa-like experience can range anywhere from $2,000 to $15,000. It just all depends on what you want and how much you want to spend.

“If you want pretty much a car wash in your bathroom or a toilet of the day, then more money will go into it to create that spa effect,” Snodgrass says.

For more information about how you can turn your master bath into a spa retreat:

Central Arizona Supply
16431 N. 90th St., Scottsdale
(480) 922-9191
centralazsupply.com

Ferguson Bath, Kitchen & Lighting Gallery
8340 E. Raintree Dr., Bldg. A-1, Scottsdale
(480) 556-0103
fergusonenterprises.com

Scottsdale Living Magazine Winter 2012

Saturday, January 20, 2018

5 Simple Ways to Get Rid of Stress and Relax Completely

Read article : 5 Simple Ways to Get Rid of Stress and Relax Completely

When was the last time you had a quality time dedicated to relaxing? The modern age we are living in forces us to spend more time at work, and since one day has only twenty-four hours, the contemporary “average Joe” chooses to renounce relaxing time in favor of work. Stress is on the rise for the past decade, and according to several statistics, around 80% of workers today are exposed to this condition.

Of course, there is an option to avoid stressful situations, but rather often, this is not possible. Stress is eating us from the inside out and makes our lives miserable if we let it take over. Still, devoting some time of the day to immerse yourself into relaxation is a good solution to battle stress, calm your nerves, and make you feel better.

The only important thing is, that you need to schedule that time and prioritize it. Don’t avoid it – it’s time for you to start caring about yourself.

Cancel all of your obligations tonight, and organize a relaxing and stress-relieving time.

When is a good time to relax?

Basically, any time can be determined for this. In general, I recommend the evening, or at least sundown when the city life is slowly losing its pace. There is also this soothing feeling, coming from the absence of daylight, which will help you to unwind while your body triggers the relaxing mechanism as it prepares to go to sleep.

On the other hand, if there is no possibility to separate some time for yourself in the evening, daytime is also suitable. Just remember to cover your windows. The color of the sheets covering the windows should not be aggressive, such as red or orange; choose a calming color such as cream or purple. It will bathe your room in butter-shaded color and calm you.

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For a start, put some relaxing tunes on, and set up the atmosphere. Luckily, the Internet is full of meditation tunes which can be used for free. Find the one which reflects your mood and suits you best.

1. Wash away the stress


Simple lying on the couch and resting is a good practice in the prepared scenery. But, to relax and shake down all of that stress, you must do something prior enjoying in your peaceful oasis. Start with a warm bath, scented with a few drops of essential oils. There is one simple rule that must be followed – don’t think about anything. Concentrate on the warm sensation of water on your skin.

This will help you not just to relax your muscles, but the clear your mind as well. Try to endure as high temperature of the water as possible, but be careful not to burn yourself. Hot water can help your blood course faster, making muscles supplied with oxygen more efficiently, and thus more relaxed.

In case that you have chosen the shower over a bath tub, there is an Eastern wisdom about meditation which can suit perfectly to this situation. The feeling of your worries being washed away can be achieved if you focus on your senses. In order to improve this state, try closing your eyes.

2. Relaxing your body even further

After the relaxing bath, some people have the energy to do the things they like, and some people want to go even deeper. Many turn to sleeping, the body’s natural regenerating mechanism. It is ok, but today we’re here to reach the deeper levels of relaxation. To get there,  a massage is the next step.

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Since this is a guide for relaxing in your home, you’ll either order a masseuse to come to your house or get a massaging chair. If you are lucky enough to possess this wonderful chair, you just strap in and hit “play.” The speed, pace, and intensity are not universal, so you will need to experiment, and to see which mode suits you the best.

Another add-on for ambient and overall improvement is scented sticks. Those can be bought anywhere, and the choice of the type of scent is left to you. However, pine, lavender, and bergamot are good to start with. Their primal purpose is to enhance meditation and give you additional focus, but the purpose of relaxing is also notable.

3. Being creative

The next thing might be your favorite and possibly forgotten hobby. We all have that one thing we used to do daily, but we simply lack the time (willingly or unwillingly) for it. Whether that be calligraphy, maintaining your mini Zen garden, or playing an instrument, there is only one rule; do it.

Again, it is not the point of creating wonderful pieces of art; it is about you doing something that makes you happy. If you do not have any hobby, I recommend you to try painting. It is easy, and there are no rules or limitations. You do as you please, and quite often, being creative will make you feel better. Painting has a psychological effect of relaxation.

Research results published by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology are stating that people’s perspective can be changed if we practice hobbies on a daily basis. It might seem like a long-term goal, but you have to start somewhere, right?

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4. Have a delicious meal


A perfect relaxation isn’t complete without a proper meal. Regarding the type of food you like and if you like to prepare it yourself, get your food ready and waiting. We all love pizza, of course, but as I said, take it a bit further.

Italian food is rather easy to prepare, and since it utilizes light ingredients such as pasta and chicken meat, it will not make you feel heavy after eating. One of my favorites is definitely Cauliflower Penne Puttanesca, a light, vegetarian pasta, which requires about 25 minutes to prepare.

Of course, this exquisite meal should be paired with the matching wine, and if you can obtain a bottle of Villa Bucci’s Riserva, Verdicchio dei Castelli from 2009, it will be simply put, perfect. Wine is a somewhat sensitive drink, so it should be cooled to exact temperature (around 15°C). Luckily, there are many wine coolers & fridges which can do this for you. As a good wine enthusiast, I’m sure you already have a cooler. If not, consider having one.

5. The end of the night

After a good meal, you can spend the rest of the evening as you like. Personally, I love to take another round of easy massage while watching a movie or a TV show. In general, avoid watching TV while eating, because you won’t enjoy it as much.

Also, a good book is a great suggestion, and whether that be something new, such as “The Wright Brothers” by David McCullough, or something more classic, like Shakespeare or Charles Dickens, the decision is yours. After reading, you can go to sleep, satisfied and happy; after all, you did something wonderful for yourself.

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Spare some time for yourself every week

It is not as much about the bathing, the wine, and food, as it is about YOU doing something you are not doing every day. After an evening spent like this, you will finally see the world as it really is, beautiful, colored and sparkly.

But you did not change it, you simply swept away the heavy clouds of every day stress and troubles, and this enthusiasm is really contagious. The next thing you will want to do is to prepare a similar evening for your loving person, knowing how good it feels. Always have the time for yourself!

Saturday, May 6, 2017

Copper pipe electrolysis from touching galvanized steel?

Read article : Copper pipe electrolysis from touching galvanized steel?
topic 24664

An ongoing discussion from 2003 through 2016 . . .

(2003)electrolysis in copper pipe

Q.I recently had a 1/2" TYPE L HMP flexible copper pipe that sprung a leak, unfortunately it was inside the wall going up to the second floor. After splicing the pipe where it was leaking another spot started leaking. I noticed inside the pipe a bunch of green "blobs" & the outside of this (HOT) water pipe a lot cleaner than the other pipe (COLD) that would have been put in at the same time, 20-25 years ago I'm guessing. I did notice one spot where the copper pipe was touching an old galvanized pipe seemed to be wet and green. Could there have been some electrolysis going on that caused this pipe to start getting finer than pin hole leaks & how much damage might have been done to the rest of the plumbing if that is the case?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP,

Alex H [last name deleted for privacy by Editor]
do-it-myself-er - Cedar Rapids , Iowa

(2003)

A.Copper pipes can corrode in at least three different ways, but the differences are quite technical. I would suggest that the corrosion could be induced by a galvanic couple caused by contact with the galvanised pipe and this results in an induced local anodic polarisation of the copper pipe. I would normally expect such a failure to occur where the two pipes come into contact, but if this point is dry, no corrosion will occur and the effects of the galvanised pipe will be transmitted onto the copper pipe where it will react in a more favourable wet environment. Your photograph clearly shows the green copper salts on the inside of the failed straight pipe, so it must have been in an area where the copper is oxidised and failed. The propensity for copper pipes to fail is related to how the pipe was made, the local water composition and the environment it is used in. I would suggest there may be other not be other problems with your copper pipes, as there has already been a failure of an induced polarity, but if there are other non-compatible pipes in contact with each other, there could be a repeat of this. It may be wise to ask a plumber to check your system out.

trevor crichton
Trevor Crichton
R&D practical scientist
Chesham, Bucks, UK

(2004)

Q.I was told by a local plumber that electrolysis can occur in copper pipes when the hot water heating system is part of a forced hot water boiler system. The solution is to put nylon fittings between the copper connections and the galvanized boiler system so as to prevent any electrolysis action from taking place in the copper pipes running throughout the building. I would like to get other opinions since this is an expensive fix and it takes a long time to determine whether the fix in fact works.

Dan W [last name deleted for privacy by Editor]
property management - Juneau, Alaska

(2004)

A.It is the right advise, Dan. For galvanic corrosion to occur you need a metallic circuit and an electrolyte circuit. If you break the conductive metal circuit between the copper and galvanized pipe, galvanic corrosion ("electrolysis")" does not occur. This is not to say that no form of corrosion will ever occur though.

Ted Mooney, finishing.com
Teds signature
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
finishing.com
Pine Beach, New Jersey
(2004)

A.Copper pipe failure began to occur approximately eight years after completion of a new home in Brewster Co. Texas. The leaks were always in the cold line.

A split-core ammeter revealed a slight current flow between the steel gas pipe and the hot side of the copper system. No current could be detected between the cold copper pipe and the hot, or the steel gas line. This led me to conclude that the cold line was acting as a sacrificial anode between the other two while absorbing all voltage drop.

No electrical bonding could be found.

My solution was to isolate the steel line (which included some galvanized parts), from the copper system with a PVC adapter.

Current flow cannot now be detected unless a jumper is placed between the steel and copper.

Is the problem solved? I don't know! What can be said is that there is no further measurable evidence of electrolytic activity in this particular system.

Sam D [last name deleted for privacy by Editor]
- Alpine, Texas
(2004)

A.As others have mentioned, there are three different ways for holes to develop in a copper line, and I have seen all three.

A typical trade mark of electrolysis is pit on the inside of the pipe where the electrical current has actually eaten away at the piping, this doesn't sound like what is going on.

Another way is corrosion from the outside, normally when the piping in in a damp location with high acid soils, or even in an unsealed sleeve (copper run inside another pipe, usually PVC, and normally from the meter to the house). This is evidenced by pitting on the outside of the pipe.

The last one I have come across, and am still researching, is what it sounds like this gentleman has. It typically will have build-up on the inside of the piping and will often times leave large "blobs" of build up. I don't know what this is for sure, but I do know it isn't electrolysis, and it has nothing to do with water that is too clean (mentioned on another website as a possible answer). I think it has to do with the water quality to a certain degree, but I think it may be the molecular structure not the chemicals used. I think the buildup is a protectant for a "micro-atmosphere" high in maybe hydrogen. But I could be wrong, I am still researching this. I will post any further findings.

Jereme Grisenti
plumbing - Blountville, Tennessee

(2005)

Q.If we were to rivet or otherwise attach a copper sleeve to galvanized chimney pipe, would this cause the galvanized pipe to fail? We have fireplace chimneys on the beach. we have several copper clad chimneys that are doing well, but the maker went out of business. Now we have only galvanized pipe to work with and the outside of it corroding causes an eye sore.

Bryan Malt
- San Diego, California
(2006)

Q.This is a piggy back question.

Three 1/2 inch copper pipes running from my basement to the Laundry room one floor above show the same kind of erosion as the picture accompanying the original question. In each case the green copper salts and pin holes developed where the pipes pass through the floor. You can see the leaking water from below but not from the laundry room level.

After one of two plumbers to replace one of the leaky pipes stated that at one point he felt a very mild electrically shock, I had an electrician check the system. The electrician said he could not find a problem. The electrician checked the system before and after the plumber felt the shock. We could not duplicate the shock with the plumber or the electrician.

The plumber reinstalled the three pipes and wrapped the new pipes in electrical tape at the point where the pipes go through the floor.

Since we have not yet found a source of electrical charge would it be prudent to ground the copper line to an unused galvanized pipe so any current would flow to the unused galvanized pipe? Any help would be appreciated.

Greg Butts
- Stafford, Virginia
(2007)

Q.When copper pipes are plastered over into walls do they need to be protected from corrosion either by cement or plaster?

Mrs M Bridger
Homeowner - Steyning, West Sussex, England
(2007)

Q.I have a brick wall in my bathroom and want to cut a groove in the brick run the copper pipe inside and cement it back up. Will this have a long term effect on the pipe
thanks daz

Dario Ruberto
designer - Toronto, Canada
(2007)

Q.I have some questions regarding electrolysis, or galvanic corrosion between the copper and galvanized water pipes in my house. The house in on a municipal system and it is my understanding that acidic or soft water is not a problem in my area.

I have extremely low pressure in the upstairs bathrooms, and moderately low on the main floor kitchen. In my basement I have galvanized pipes coming in from the street, they supply the hot water heater, and they run the hot water for a few feet beyond the tank. At one point they are connected directly to copper pipes which take the hot and cold supply upstairs to the bathrooms.

I intend to replace the galvanized pipe, but I am trying to decide whether or not to replace the copper pipes going upstairs, and as well the hot water heater.

To make this decision I need to understand a little more about what is going on with the electrolysis. Before discussing the ramifications with the hot water heater, I have the following questions:

1. Where the galvanized and copper connect in the basement, does the electrolysis happen only locally? It seems that the electrons would travel only within the magnetic field created by the metals and therefore only affect the pipes within about a foot or so of the connection. Or, since the water exists through all the pipes, does the electrolysis affect the copper all the way to the upstairs bathrooms?
2. Once the galvanized pipe is removed, will the electrolysis cease? (I understand that new copper and old copper will also create electrolysis but I assume this condition is not as severe.)
3. I understand why galvanized pipe corrodes when coupled with copper but I don't understand why it is that the galvanized pipe becomes filled with gunk on the inside and restricts flow, I would think the corroding would make it get slightly wider on the inside, not more narrow.
4. If I remove the galvanized pipe, can I clean out the remaining copper pipe to make sure there is no corrosive material setting in them? How is this performed?

As far as the hot water heater is concerned, galvanized pipe feeds it and takes the water out of it, however, there is copper flexible tubing that actually connects directly to it. I assume this means the heater has corrosive material in it and will likely not last as long. If I leave the existing heater in place and wait for it to fail, will it contaminate any new piping that I put in?

Also, if I run the new copper water service through the front yard within a few feet of the gas line will this cause electrolysis? If yes, will it affect the pipes inside the house or just in the front yard? Which pipe will get holes and which will narrow? Can I insulate the copper to prevent this?

Justin Zavislak
buyer, hobbyist - Seattle, Washington
July 13, 2008

Q.I have type k copper coming from the main to the shutoff in the house. after reporting a leak it was dug up to be repaired and all was found was a pipe with walls that have thinned considerably and covered in grooves resembling termite damage on wood. it was also riddled with pinholes.

the ground for my electrical is connected to this pipe. could that be a possible cause. please help. there other houses in the area that have had there lines replaced twice in the last 20 years.

thanks, cy

cyrus lambert
hobbyist - conne river, Newfoundland, Canada
July 20, 2008

A.Where I work they were having problems with the copper pipes. The anode rods in the water storage tanks had been all wore down. Plumbers found the electrical system grounding rod had been disconnected & everything was grounding through the plumbing, causing the problems. You might want to check but I think it is a code violation now to ground through your plumbing only.

Alex Hatfield
- Cedar Rapids, Iowa

August 30, 2008

Q.I have a problem identical to to the lead in this thread. Green spots on rigid type L 1/2 in copper pipe with water seepage. This 14+ ft run of pipe is leading from my gas fired hot water heater (after a few short copper fittings) across the drywall finished basement ceiling to a T that feeds hot water to most of the house. I noticed a small spot of mold on the ceiling, cut it open and found this pipe with green spots like the picture above and two of the spots (at different ends of this one section of pipe) have water seepage. There are several other copper pipes , cold water and feeds for hot water heating that have no green spots,(only this one length of hot water has the spots) and also a flexible gas line in the same bay. My fix is to replace this entire length. A difficult job for me, tight spaces overhead, and hope there are no other bad pipe in the house. Please confirm the cause of this. Is it likely to be elsewhere or reoccur?

David Goldman
- W Milford, New Jersey
September 3, 2008

A.In response to the gentleman who experienced a leak on a 1/2 copper pipe and then he split it exposing this thick green blob running on the inside for some unknown length. well from dealing with similar repairs and from years of experience in the field this green corrosion that you are talking about stands far from electrolysis. this green gunk/blob is what we use to solder/sweat our copper pipes with better known as FLUX this product is applied to the outside of the copper pipe once it has been cleaned and reamed. putting too much flux on the pipe and fitting will cause the excess to flow into the pipe and will settle on the inside of the pipe until the system gets energized and water flows flushing out the excess flux. if it was not flushed out and was left as is; guess what? call your plumber.....thanks.

Armando Olvera
- Costa Mesa, California

September 14, 2008

Q.Within the last 9 weeks we have called the plumber 3 times regarding a 4 ft. section of hot water copper piping. Each time a pinhole sealing leak about 4-6 feet away from a recently replaced(5 months ago that our plumber installed) electric hot water heater. After replacing 2 inch copper pipe sections at a time we finely asked him to change a length of pipe but, only last night we developed another leak, a foot over from the new pipe, closer to the water heater. Our house is 15 years old and we use city water. The leaky pipe had green discoloration at the leak points. The plumber says this problem could be expected in this area in homes using well water after about 20 years due to the highly acidic soil but we use city water and our pipes are in the sealing. He's suggesting we may need to replace all of our pipes but it seems strange that the leaks are all near the water heater. Could the water heater be faulty or it's installation be the problem?

Chris McQuillen
homeowner - Crescent City, California
September 14, 2008

A.Hi, Chris. I'd be pretty confident that is has to do with something electrical rather than well water. I think I'd call an electrician rather than calling the plumber again.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, finishing.com
Teds signature
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
finishing.com
Pine Beach, New Jersey

(2005)September 30, 2008

Q.can a copper water line be spliced to an existing galvanized water pipe line?

Keith Medved
- Dyer, Indiana

A.Hi, Keith. When you transition from one kind of metal pipe to another, the correct thing to do is to use dielectric unions =>

These are unions that include a plastic insulator so there is no metal-to-metal contact. I'm not saying that this is always done, but it is the right way to insure that there can be no galvanic corrosion.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, finishing.com
Teds signature
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
finishing.com
Pine Beach, New Jersey

October 24, 2008

Q.How can one determine the cause of frequent deterioration of a 3/4" copper water supply line? The section going bad is located underground at the block wall of the foundation. The home owner had to replace this line two times within the past year. The deterioration seems to occur on the outside of the pipe. There were no problems prior to the first replacement of this pipe section 9 months ago. The home has city water and uses a sump pump due to a high level of ground water. I don't know the pH level of the water. The basement is dry, but uses on a "floating slab" to channel away the ground water. I conducted load tests of the electric panel to verify the electric wiring. All tests proved satisfactory with only about .2 amps or less flowing to the ground wire. This is when a 35 amp load is applied to each 120 volt leg. This proves that practically all current is flowing back through the neutral conductor. The electric service is lacking the required two, 8 foot ground rods. There is only one ground rod, and it appears to have been installed as a ground for the telephone system. At this point I'm thinking the corrosion and deterioration was not caused by excessive current flowing top ground via this water supply line.

Dave Baylor
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
May 22, 2009

Q.Hi, Our house is 6 years old and from the time we moved in we have had this "green" problem. It has ruined my hair and has left stains in the sinks and toilets. We have had 2 different water softeners and 2 water heaters. We discussed this with the last water softener person and I guess they didn't have a clue about this problem. No one has until I
talked to some nerd at the company that tests the water for the city. He said that it was probably because of the fittings that the water softener company put on the copper pipes and if we didn't rectify the problem, we would eventually have pin size holes in the pipes and leaks! What do we do, who do we call and how do we go about fixing this problem! I want long hair again! Thanks!

Kathy L. Maxwell
- Grover Beach, California
December 8, 2009

A.While replacing the copper piping in a 150 year old home, I was puzzled by the green buildup inside of the pipe. Tracing the pipe I discovered that a ground clamp and wire from the circuit breaker box was connected to the cold water line 15' from the water meter where a jumper wire was also connected to the pipe from the street. In the circuit breaker box the Neutral buss was bonded to the Ground buss. That was okay. I also checked the sub panel to make sure the Ground buss and Neutral buss were not connected.

The wire mains from the electrical meter are aluminum. Current will find the least path of resistance, therefore current leakage to the piping is occurring. The remedy for this is to drive a conductive rod into the ground as deep as local code requires and connect a ground wire. Additionally I moved the ground clamp to the incoming side of the water meter, and removed the grounding jumper. As the water meter has dielectric connections the leakage can not return into the water piping since it is no longer grounded.

Bert Cooper
Equipment Designer - Williamsport, Pennsylvania

June 11, 2010

Q.Type K soft copper pinholes. We are having numerous issues with 3/4" and 1" and even a couple 2" services running from the mainline in the street to the property. 10 years ago or so we started having pinhole leaks appear on the copper always next to a flaired fitting so naturally everyone blamed it on a bad flair, then the specs changed and we were allowed to use compression fittings. This is now happening with the compression fittings as well, now everyone is blaming it on not de-burring the copper properly.

We just had to dig up a leak and found the pinhole leak in the middle of the 1" copper run (no fittings even close) and the copper was in a 4" sleeve under a major street which would eliminate the corrosive soil theory which the supplier will want to use, also the leak was on the top of the copper so a rubbing situation is not the answer. I have a question, is it possible for the copper at the time of production to have impurities introduced causing an electrolysis situation? Do you know of any other town having this problem. The suppliers here have no idea and have never even heard of this problem before which I find hard to believe. Thank you for your time and opinion

Bill Williams
water company - Tucson, Arizona
September 9, 2010

Q.I have recently installed and new water softener with an aerater in my home. My home is 26 years old and several weeks after the installation I noticed a blueish/green tint. I have had the water tested and the copper level is high, can the new system cause this?

Rachele Cancia
home owner -Sunrise, Florida
November 26, 2010

Q.I had an odd situation and was wondering if there is a known reason.
Last evening we noticed water dripping from the ceiling. Upon cutting open the ceiling, I noticed that the 3/4 hot water heating pipe (not sure if supply or return) was pressing firmly against the 1/2 hot water supply pipe, and that a leak had developed in the (smaller) hot water pipe where they touched. Fortunately, the heating pipe was connected to flexible copper to go up through the floor, and I was able to push the pipes apart and repair the supply line easily, but I am concerned what might have caused this leak.

Mike Paulson
former kitchen contractor, retired -falls church, Virginia

December 17, 2010

Below is an excerpt from Wikipedia's "Tap Water" page at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water

"Pin-hole leaks can occur anytime copper piping is improperly grounded and/or bonded; nonmetal piping, such as Pex or PVC, does not suffer from this problem. The phenomenon is known technically as stray current corrosion or electrolytic pitting. Pin-holing due to poor grounding or poor bonding occurs typically in homes where the original plumbing has been modified; homeowners may find a new plastic water filtration device or plastic repair union has interrupted the water pipe's electrical continuity to ground when they start seeing pinhole water leaks after a recent install. Damage occurs rapidly, usually being seen about six months after the ground interruption."

Q.So if I understand this correctly, adding a union may cause this problem? How does one connect copper pipe to galvanized steel then, or how to bond from copper pipe (cold water line, for example) to iron pipe (gas line, for example)? What materials is the bond conductor made of?

Andy Roberts
-Maynard, Massachusetts

May 13, 2011

A.I have seen electrolysis occur with galv. steel straps, hangers and supports, with copper. It usually occurs at the point.
Pin Hole leaks are mostly caused by incorrect installation of plumbing pipes.
For example, If a plumber uses a pipe cutter, to cut a pipe, it leaves a ridge on the inside of the pipe. This causes a ripple in the flow of water going through the pipe, and will eventually start eating away at the pipe, from the inside out. This was a common occurrence back when track homes were booming, and the track rats were doing high volume production, and not installing correctly.
You can verify this, by separating the pipes at the soldered joint, and stick you finger in the pipe and feel the edge. If you feel a sharp edge, then the fitter never filed the inside edge to remove this. Which this is why it will happen in multiple places in your home. Also the reason it happens more to cold water lines, is because you use your cold water more that your hot.

Keith Van Aalst

-Anaheim California


February 3, 2012 -- this entry appended to this thread by editor in lieu of spawning a duplicative thread

Q.I need to run natural gas to an outside heater. I have a 3/4" gal water line which is no longer used, am hoping to run type 'L' flex 1/2" copper line thru this line to supply gas to out side heater, is that possible or is there something I could wrap the copper with to make it work?

Bob Hendrickson
-Pontiac, Illinois, USA
February 25, 2012

Q.I have a bunch of copper fittings. 1/2", 3/4" & 1"; I had the fittings for a year or more. Some of the fittings are starting to get corrosion on them, a greenish thick coating. What is causing this and how do I control/stop it. All the fittings are new and never used.

Ken Kramlich
-Sacramento, California, USA
February 27, 2012

A.Hi, Ken.

Copper corrodes, but usually not that quickly. The simplest fix is probably to put them in a plastic bag with desiccant. Sodium benzotriazole is a copper preservative. You can use brass lacquer if you are trying to protect them for artistic rather than functional use. Good luck.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, finishing.com
Teds signature
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
finishing.com
Pine Beach, New Jersey

December 18, 2012

A. After reading all of the postings about plumbing -
There are a lot of factors to touch on.

Any type of pipe can be connected to a different type of pipe with the right connectors that can be found at big box or good hardware store.

The green spots inside or outside of a copper pipe is cause by Flux.
Flux is an acid that is used by plumbers when the copper piped is fitted together and soldered.
When a plumber puts too much flux on the copper fittings or pipe - It stays inside the pipe and causes the pipe and or fittings to corrode because the water does not get hot enough to melt flux in order to get it flushed out of the pipe or fittings.
Even if you air pressure out the lines, all of the flux will not move out of the copper pipe because flux is a paste, and what little amount of flux that does move will stick to any joining type of Copper or Plastic or PVC or Galvanized pipe or fittings.
Green spots on the outside of a copper pipe or fittings usually means the plumber did not wipe off any left over flux on the out side of the copper pipe or fittings, or the copper pipe has started to corrode from the inside out from using too much flux inside the pipe and the flux has made its way to the outside of the copper pipe or fittings and needs to be replaced.

As far as electric or electric ground going through copper - Electricity will slowly soften up the excess flux that was used on the copper pipe or fittings.
As the flux softens, and because Flux is an acid, it will slowly break down the copper pipe or fittings and needs to be replaced.

NOTE:
Most electric or electric ground going through a copper pipe is not a high enough voltage to melt flux -- it will only soften the flux.

NOTE:
If your phone line is grounded to the copper line then this alone is enough to soften the flux.
If you put some flux on both the neg. and pos. post of a small charged 9 volt battery you will find that the flux will soften.
If you leave the flux on the battery the flux will corrode the battery because flux is an acid.

NOTE:
If your phone or cable is grounded to your copper pipe this is enough electric for a person to get a small shock when touching the copper pipe.
After a person touches the pipe and gets a small shock, it takes quite a while for the electric to build back up because the voltage is quite low.
It is because the voltage is so low that when a person touches a copper pipe and gets a small shock you have depleted the electric in the copper pipe and a shock will not happen again until the electric builds back up in the copper pipe.

NOTE:
Anytime you have to run a copper pipe behind a wall that will be closed in, only use HARD copper pipe (NOT ROLLED TUBING OR SOFT TUBING). Place the copper pipe inside of a piece of PVC pipe and do not have any fittings or couplings that have been soldered inside the PVC pipe.
If you need to soldier on fittings - Solder the fittings on after you have cleared the wall that will be closed in. It will also be helpful to use liquid foam between the copper pipe and the PVC pipe to stop any pipes from clanking when the water is turned on or off. You can pre make up the pipe with the foam in order to let the liquid foam set up.

I hope this information is helpful.

Jim Drake
- Fredericksburg, Virginia, USA

April 20, 2013

A.To those dismissing the "green blobs" as residual flux are not understanding what I think are the inquisitors' issues. We built our home in 2004 and within a couple of years we started experiencing problems in our master shower. Initially, I was able to disassemble the hot water supply in the manifolds and clear out the green "blobbish" crystals. Our master shower is large and has multiple shower heads and two shower manifolds. Since then the problem appear to only exist in the master bath "hot" water lines. I have never had any issue with the cold water lines.

To give a little more detail. The green blobs I am experiencing a hard crystals and not any type of pasty or flux consistency. I have found galvanized steel nipples between the copper supply lines and the brass shower fittings. Two years ago the galvanized nipple on the shower with the most serious blockage, had nearly corroded away completely. Fortunately I had decided inspect the inside of the shower wall after suspecting some sort of "electronic" cause. This morning I found the same union on the second shower head that is now almost completely blocked.

I should have recognized something was wrong in the construction of our plumbing lines during the build simply because of the sloppy solder joints. I have a rudimentary knowledge of plumbing as my father was a plumber. Unfortunately, I was traveling extensively and didn't have time to address the bootleg plumbers my builder contracted.
I guess I was depending on the inspectors to alert us of any issues, but I have learned that lesson.

In summary, I would conclude that the green crystals are formed from kind electric current activity in addition to the hardness of your water. Our municipal water is very hard and my water softener is worthless so we are going to rip out the bathroom walls to see what other surprises we have in store and get a new water softening system.

Vaughn Broadnax
- Carmel, Indiana, USA

copper pipe secured with metal straps
May 21, 2013

Q.During a bathroom remodel, the plumber used some metal strapping (likely galvanized steel)to further secure the copper piping from the shower valve to the shower outlet. (see photo) Days later, my contractor had secured a loose toilet supply valve with a plastic part and explained that a metal material could negatively interact with the copper and eventually cause a leak. (I think he himself had just come upon this info when he went to home depot to pick-up the part.)
I then remembered seeing how the plumber used the metal strapping to basically tie back the copper piping. The wall has since been scratch coated and is about to be floated. I've alerted my contractor about this and am awaiting a reply. I really do not want the float to happen until I know for sure that there is definitely no problem with the set-up, or, until it is corrected. Any input on this would greatly be appreciated.

Jack Goldstein
- Mission Viejo, California, USA

May 22, 2013

A.Hi Jack. You need 3 things for galvanic corrosion:
- dissimilar metals so there is an inherent voltage between them,
- metallic contact path between the two metals so that electrons can flow from one metal to the other,
- a moist and conductive ionic path so that positively charged ions can follow the electrons, transporting atoms of metal from one point to another.

You certainly have the first two, but whether the third condition is met well enough for serious concern is always the question, and sometimes hard to define. When such a condition is sealed behind a wall, it sounds to me like poor practice -- then again, I'm not a plumber. You might see if you can find anything in the plumbing code about it. The problem would have been easy to avoid with any kind of plastic between the pipe and strap; you can hopefully get a scrap of Visqueen in between them without much damage to the wall. Good luck.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, finishing.com
Teds signature
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
finishing.com
Pine Beach, New Jersey

June 3, 2013

Q.Having pin hole issues on the cold water line repeatedly over approx. 8 years -- same area.
The house used to have copper pipe coming in from the street and we did not have a ground strap on it. I can see how the pin holes would happen then. Then the copper pipe was replaced with PVC out to the street so there seemed to be no need for the ground on the street side of the meter, but I left the ground connected on the house side (still copper here). Was this wrong? Still another pin hole problem this year.
Tired of water leaks, Tom

Tom Canarecci
- Mishawaka, Indiana, USA
July 11, 2013

Q.We have an apartment building that keeps getting leaks in the first apartment. I have read everything and understand the problem, but we don't have money to replace all the pipes, so every few months there is a leak. The last time we had to replace all the carpet because it was leaking over a full weekend.

I have been told by one plumber that he heard of a product that can be put in the pipes that would coat the insides and help prevent the pinholes from developing.
Is there any such product?

Also someone told me of a product that can be painted on the pipes like a silicone or latex component that might be able to help.

If you know of any products like this that I can try, please let me know.

Thank you.

Lisa Keylon
- Fountain Valley, California, USA
February 11, 2016

Q. I just noticed there is corrosion at the elbo 90 connector of hot water copper pipe going out of water heater. Both are copper pipes - so wondering what's causing the corrosion. Otherwise I'm planning to
Simply planning to use fix-it stick/Keeny pipe wrap tape as temporary fix until I get time to call plumber to cut the pipe and rejoin.
Please advise:
1) is it ok to fix temporarily
2) if I need to dig in further to find the cause before I fix it.
3) are there any other things I need to check / replace while I'm fixing it.
Btw- this is house is 10 yrs old.

Venu Reddy
- Waukee, Iowa

April 8, 2016

A. You can also use a brass nipple between copper and galvanize .

Rodolfo ruiz
- Pasadena California usa
April 2016

thumbs up signThanks, Rudolfo. Yes, you can use a brass nipple between them ... but I don't think it will do much towards stopping galvanic corrosion.

Regards,

pic of Ted Mooney
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
finishing.com
Pine Beach, New Jersey
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