Preparing structural steel surfaces for painting, coating standards

Read article : Preparing structural steel surfaces for painting, coating standards

Mill scale, dirt, laser scale, rust, heat-treat scale, grease, and dust interfere with paint and coatings’ adhesion to structural steel and must be removed before steel members can be coated. What are structural steel fabricators doing about surface preparation, and what options are available? Surface preparation can run from simple chemical cleaning to abrasion methods such as grinding and abrasive blasting. Many fabricators’ projects come with surface specifications prescribed by The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) standardsMill scale. Dirt. Laser scale. Rust. Heat-treat scale. Grease. Dust. And did we mention heavy mill scale? When these come between your structural steel and your paint or coating, bad things happen. And when the steel you fabricate holds up bridges, overpasses, buildings, and stadiums, bad things are big bad things.So what are structural steel fabricators doing about surface preparation, and what options are available? Surface preparation can run from simple chemical cleaning to abrasion methods such as grinding and abrasive blasting. How to know which methods to use?Many fabricators’ projects come with surface specifications prescribed by The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC) standards (see Figure 1). The methods used are specified in the contract or project documents, according to SSPC Certification Program Manager Joe Berish, PCS, MCI, who administers the program. The primary documents are the specification and product data sheets, he said. The data sheets provide the surface preparation that the coatings manufacturer used when it tested its materials and demonstrated the performance applicable to the intended use and service life, according to Berish. “The coating systems manufacturers test for adhesion and performance. When they do that, they do it with a specified profile range. For example, if you were using a certain brand’s product on a bridge, the data sheet might tell you that it was tested in a laboratory at a 2- to 4-ml profile, and this would mean you might need 3 to 5 ml of paint. It’s going to give you the profile range, the thickness of the coating that you can apply, how much thinner you can and cannot use … whether you can put it over a pickled surface or a chemical-treated surface or an abrasive-blasted surface. It’s going to tell you all of that information.“What that means is that the coating manufacturer, in the laboratory, has taken a piece of metal that met that description and they have actually tested it and here are the test results,” Berish continued. “And to get the paint manufacturer to provide a warrantee, it has to be known that it was applied under those same conditions.” The surface preparation’s standard name indicates the method used, and all surface preparation standards use the prefix SP, he said. “For example [SSPC] SP 5, SP 6, and SP 10 are all defined as abrasive blast cleaning standards. SSPC SP 8 is the standard for pickling as a means of surface preparation. The differences in all of these standards are the cleaning methods, cleanliness levels, and surface profile. Different methods may produce a similar level of cleanliness, but each will still result in differences such as surface profile or flash rusting.”Why would a customer choose abrasive or blast cleaning over pickling or solvent cleaning—or vice versa? “The contract or specification and coating product data sheet may require a surface profile which cannot be achieved by pickling, chemical stripping, or solvent cleaning,” Berish said. “Also, the coating being applied may not be compatible with all methods of surface preparation. In addition, some choices may be made dependent on the availability of equipment that the fabricator may have.”  Cost is also a consideration, which depends on the amount of surface area to be prepared, Berish continued. “For example, if it is just a few square feet and does not require a surface profile, chemical stripping may be cost-effective; conversely, if there are several thousand square feet of surface to be prepared, pickling or abrasive blasting would be more cost-effective.”Whether or not the waste produced would need to be disposed of as hazardous has an effect on the methods used as well.“The customer will give the fabricator a build sheet, if you will,” Berish said. “’We want it to be fabricated like this: the bolts located here, with this diameter.’ It’s the same with the surface condition. Just by the material they’re going to use, they’re going to go to that material data sheet that will tell what surface standard is compatible with that material—SP 1, SP 2 or 3, SP 6 or SP 10.” Figure 1
The SSPC’s surface preparation’s standard name indicates the method used, and all surface preparation standards use the prefix SP.SSPC-SP 1: Solvent CleaningThe first line of defense is simply cleaning the structural member with acetone, a thinner, or another type of solvent. “Cleaning with a solvent and a cloth is a precursor to every other surface preparation standard out there. It’s a given,” Berish said.Cortec® Technical Service Engineer John Wulterkens said that fabricators can remove mill scale, oxides, and corrosion from the metal surface using either VpCI®-422 or VpCI-426 water-based liquids (see Figure 2). “VpCI-422 is more ‘ecofriendly’ (biodegradable); VpCI-426 is stronger and works faster. Depending on the application, the gel versions of both products can be used on vertical or overhead surfaces, or on parts that cannot be treated in a dip bath.”After the scale is removed, cleaning and neutralization should be performed with a water-based alkaline cleaner, he added. “This will leave behind a cleaner surface for painting, coating, and welding. The cleaners (and rust/oxide/scale removers) contain flash corrosion inhibitors, so after the neutralization and cleaning stage, the surface will remain flash rust-free for up to a week, depending on conditions.”SSPC 2, SSPC 3: Hand Tool, Power Tool CleaningBass Mechanical, a structural steel fabricator in Elizabethtown, Pa., has 40- by 80-foot drive-through bays that handle both medium- and large-scale structural steel fabrication. The company fabricates and welds carbon steel, aluminum, stainless, and nickel aluminum into trusses, box girders, plate girders, beams, columns, mezzanines, stairways, and railings.Before sending its products out for coating, the company performs some minimal surface prep, according to Jerry Miller, chief operations officer. “We usually go to an SSPC-SP 2 or SP 3, which requires the steel to be free of grease, moisture, contaminants, heavy mill scale, and rust.” Miller said the company uses a thinner and a power tool to remove the contaminants. Then it uses high-pressure air to blow the dirt or dust and rust away,” Miller said. Standards SP 2 and SP 3 require the use of a hand or power tool to satisfy the requirement, Berish said. “By standard, SP 2 means that the surface is clean of all oils and loosely inherent material. So SP 2 is hand cleaning with the use of hand tools—a wire brush or a scraper. The use of a chemical treatment alone cannot make it an SP 2 because you cannot remove inherent materials with chemicals alone.” SP 3 is the standard for cleaning and removing loosely inherent material using a power tool, such as a grinder (see Figure 3).SSPC-SP 6, Blast CleaningTo achieve an SSPC-SP 6 grade surface cleanliness, fabricators use a shotblast cleaning machine (see Figure 4). An SSPC-SP 6 finish is the most common for structural steel, according to Alex Berghouse, product manager for blast equipment at Peddinghaus, Bradley, Ill. “That will get all the difficult residue off the steel—mill scale, rust, dirt, and so forth.”Berghouse explained how the blast machines work: The raw structural steel enters the shotblast machine, and as the material passes through the zero point, the operation is initiated. The turbines engage when the machine senses the material’s presence. The turbines throw the shot or abrasive onto the material to clean the steel. With an adjustable brush mechanism, the machine cleans off the excess abrasive and returns it to the hopper to be recycled and used again and again. The process continues until the full piece passes through the entire turbine orientation. “The speed can vary, but it is normally set about 3 to 5 feet per minute, depending on the structural profiles that are being processed. So the steel goes in laden with rust, dirt, and scale and comes out clean and ready for the next fabrication process,” Berghouse said. “The primary application for the blast determines the number of turbines you need to achieve the proper clean surface requirements,” Berghouse said.Figure 2
At left is a metal surface with corrosion removed using VpCI®-422; at right, a metal surface before the corrosion was removed. Photos courtesy of Cortec Corp., St. Paul, Minn.“There are all different types of classifications for blast cleaning, depending not only on the postprocess, such as painting or welding, but also on which application, such as for bridge construction or building construction,” he said.Before entering the blast machine, a structural steel member must be cleaned of oil and grease, Berghouse cautioned. “If a structural member goes into the blast system with any kind of excessive moisture, oil, or liquids, a filtering problem can arise. The filter cartridges will become gummed up with contaminants and won’t filter properly.”Peddinghaus designs its filtration system with inverted, conical-type filtering units intended to keep the particles loose and allow them to flow freely into the collection system. The blast system can be a stand-alone system or it can be an integrated part of the structural steel fabrication line. This includes material handling technology for moving profiles via roller conveyor and cross transfer systems, according to Peddinghaus Chief Sales Officer Lyle Menke. “Conveying systems bring the beams into the machines, which minimizes overhead crane handling.” The operator loads the structural member onto the cross transfer, which moves it to the infeed roller conveyor that delivers it to the blast machine, he continued. After it has been cleaned, the member is rolled to an outfeed transfer which can deliver into a band sawing machine; then to a structural drilling machine; and finally (if required) into a thermal cutting machine for cutting of copes, blocks, and similar design shapes. An arc writing machine uses plasma technology to write the layout, welding, and fitting information for each beam. “The welding personnel then can locate the marking and weld identification and weld each piece to finalize the structural section.”SSPC-SP 8, P&ODave Hansen, co-owner and production manager of Hansen Steel Services, Santa Fe Springs, Calif., said that the company mostly just grinds the scale to remove it from spot areas that call for only minimal joining, such as welding a base plate. Otherwise, many of the components they fabricate undergo pickling and oiling (P&O) to chemically (acid) remove the scale before fabrication and then apply an oily rust inhibitor afterward while it’s being stored before downstream processes. “One of the concerns facing beam fabricators is that base plates must have drilled holes. When a hole is drilled, it requires cooling oil for the cut. All of that oil that has now stained the base plate needs to be cleaned free of residue before a paint primer can be applied. So not only is sanding and grinding needed for prep, but the removal of all oil.  It’s not just ‘blow and go,’ unfortunately,” Hansen said. SSPC-SP 10, Near-whiteSP 10 is an abrasive blast cleaning standard. “We call that near-white metal,” SSPC’s Berish said. “By the nature of the definition of the standard, it’s gone through abrasive blasting, would completely remove all old paint, mill scale, and rust, leaving no more than 5 percent of staining—discoloration with no volume.”The surface profile that results depends on the type of abrasive used. “Abrasives can leave anywhere from a 0.5 profile to a 5- or 6-mm profile,” Berish said. “You’ll have the best paint adhesion with that finish, because it’s run at a slower speed through the machine,” Berghouse said.“SP 10 is the standard for bridge builders, because bridges are exposed to the elements and support transportation,” Menke added. “For bridge components, special types of paint are applied in addition to the primers to avoid rust and so that when the original coat starts to peel, paint can be reapplied in the field years afterward.” How to Know If Achieved?How do fabricators know and verify that they have achieved the desired surface condition? A trained and certified inspector evaluates the surface to the standards in the contract. Visual guides and written industry standards provide the evaluation criteria, Berish said. “Without proper training, they would not be qualified to provide the evaluation with a clear understanding of the standards.”Figure 3
SSPC-SP 3 is the standard for cleaning and removing loosely inherent material using a power tool, such as a grinder. Photo courtesy of Bass Mechanical, Elizabethtown, Pa.The SSPC is an ANSI-accredited organization, and the consensus standards have been developed through an ANSI process. Bass Mechanical, 717-367-0890, www.bassmechanical.comCortec® Corp., 651-429-1100, www.cortecvci.comHansen Steel Services,  562-692-6900, www.hansensteel.comPeddinghaus Corp., 815-937-3800, ext. 1145, www.peddinghaus.comThe Society for Protective Coatings, 412-281-2331, ext. 2235, berish@sspc.org, www.sspc.orgFigure 4
To achieve an SSPC-SP 6 grade surface cleanliness, fabricators use a shotblast cleaning machine. Photo courtesy of Peddinghaus, Bradley, Il

Converting a Victorian school

Read article : Converting a Victorian school

en suite bathroom to your home" />

If you’ve got a big master bedroom that could potentially be partitioned, or a little used adjacent room, then adding or creating an en suite could be a great way to add a sense of luxury to your bedroom. It is also a great way of adding to the value of your home, especially if you currently have only has one bathroom.

There are several things you need to think about before you go ahead and add a new en suite to your house, from the cost of adding the bathroom, to relocating plumbing, wiring the space and deciding exactly what sanitary ware to invest in.

Find a bathroom fitter

How much will an en suite bathroom cost?

The most quoted, average cost of adding a new bathroom to a house is £3000. This is inclusive of labour, fixtures, fittings and finishes like flooring, tiling and painting. However, adding a new bathroom to your house can vary in cost, depending on where your proposed bathroom is going to be. Ideally, you want to add your en-suite directly next to an existing bathroom on the same floor, or above a bathroom on the lower floor.

The issue is, it gets more expensive to add a bathroom if you have to redirect plumbing, especially soil stacks and waste pipes. It is possible to install a small bore pipe with a macerator, but this isn’t an ideal solution. You will have to factor in the day rates of a plumber, but again, it is difficult to predict how long this job is likely to take.

It is far easier to estimate how much fixtures and fittings are going to cost once plumbing has already been sorted.

Bath

A new bath will cost from £70 for a low end, acrylic model, but expect to pay from £300 – £500 for a good quality steel example. When you start looking at cast iron, stone and composite baths, expect to pay north of £1000.

Shower

Your basic electric shower is cost effective, both to buy and to run. They can cost a little as £50, but look at paying between £100 and £200 for a stylish and functional unit. Power showers start at around £200, and feature a pump that increases the force of the water. Digital showers, shower towers, shower columns and shower cabins will cost £500 and up if you want quality, and advanced models can even cost as much as £2000

Shower enclosure

Your shower enclosure is an important decision, because this will create the overall look of the shower. A shower tray and enclosure combo will probably cost you around £150, but could cost you up to £600if you want higher quality.

Wet room enclosure

A wet room will cost upwards of £500depending on the structural work required, this includes waterproofing, plumbing, the shower and a screen, if you’ve chosen one. The cost of a wet room shower can vary depending on your fixtures and fittings, and tiling it afterwards will need to be factored in.

Basin

A simple ceramic basin is an inexpensive choice and will cost upwards of £50. Basins made for vanity units are more expensive, and the cost of the unit is usually separate. These can cost around £100 for a basic unit, but on average you will pay £200 – £300.

Toilet

Toilets are much the same as basins, with ceramic, wall-mounted examples costing around £50.Expect to pay between £150 and £300 for a good quality toilet, and quite often, savings can be made by buying it in a bundle with a matching basin.

Taps and hardware

Bathroom taps often come as an afterthought when your bathroom fixtures, but they are an important addition. A statement tap is usually enough to make even the cheapest basin look high end. You can pay as little as £20 for a basic mixer, and an average of £100 for a good quality one. To get something luxurious, you can easily pay upwards of £400,but this isn’t as extravagant as it seems if you have made a saving on your sanitary ware.

Planning permission for an en suite bathroom

Adding an en suite bathroom rarely requires planning permission if the work is happening in an existing house. If you plan on adding a bathroom to a listed building, then planning permission is essential, as you will be altering the internal fabric of the building.

Building new walls for your en suite

If you are creating a complete new room or partitioning an existing room, then you will need to build extra walls. These will usually be stud walls constructed with a timber frame with plasterboard over the top. Choose water resistant plasterboard when creating a new bathroom to avoid damp.

In the case of a bathroom, you can get structural metal components that will support the weight of wall-mounted basins. The cavity in this type of wall is also perfect for concealing pipework, cisterns, wiring and additional storage

Having a stud wall built will cost you around £15 per m², not including any internal works, like plumbing and wiring, which will need to be planned out in advance.

En suite bathroom heating and plumbing

If you have a combi boiler, which provides hot water on demand rather than requiring a cylinder, you need to ensure that it has sufficient hot water flow to supply an extra bathroom. You should also check your water pressure and choose appropriate mixer taps and shower fittings.

Most people choose heated towel rails for bathrooms, rather than radiators ad these basically offer a solution to both, drying your towels, and the need to heat the room. These can cost as little as £30 for wall mounted options, and can cost as much as £500, not including installation.

Choosing lighting for your en suite bathroom

The most important factor you need to consider when you’re choosing bathroom lighting is safety. There are strict regulations on what lighting can be used in a potentially wet environment. A lights IP rating depends on its distance to the water source, and that determines the type of light you can use. The higher the rating, the better protected the light.

The bathroom is then broken up into zones that correspond with the IP ratings of certain lights.

• Zone 0 is inside the bath or shower, so the light needs an rating of at least IP67.
• Zone 1 is the area directly above the bath or shower to a height of 2.25m. IP45 is recommended, but it is always safer to go higher when this close to water.
• Zone 2 is the area stretching 0.6m from the perimeter of the bath or shower where a minimum IP rating of 44 is required.
• The outside zone is any area where water isn’t likely to go. However, if this is still within the bathroom, it’s a good idea to choose a light with a IP44, just incase.

Featured image: This en suite bathroom was created as part of a whole-house renovation. Read more about this en suite bathroom.

Save

Save

Save

How to avoid mistakes when choosing a mixer

Read article : How to avoid mistakes when choosing a mixer

The mixer is an important part of kitchen and bathroom, which directly affects our daily comfort. To verify this it is enough to recall their feelings when the faucet suddenly started to leak or even break. However, how to choose among the enormous diversity of models, especially if they want to save money and time and choose the mixer independently in the catalog online store? Let’s step by step walk through all the options that you should consider when choosing a mixer. The design of the mixers Any mixer is composed of standard structural components: body, spout, mechanism of mixing, control and aerator. The housing of the mixer can be molded or mobile. In the first case, the stationary housing is a mechanism of the spout, and the lever on the side of it. These faucets are reliable and easy to repair, but less convenient to operate. Swivel body allows for greater convenience and water savings, but may require periodic replacement of gaskets rotating part of the mechanism.
Spout or goose — this is the part of the faucet, from which water flows. When choosing a particular model, pay attention to the height of the spout (can be from 2 to 90 cm) and its length (3 to 5 cm). They should correlate with the dimensions of the tub or sink so that water is not hitting the boards, was not sprayed and you have enough space to wash dishes or hands. The aerator attaches to the tip of the spout and consists of a metal mesh through which water is mixed with air. The aerator makes the water pressure is more soft, uniform and comfortable. Different mechanisms of mixing water Depending on the design of the mixer may vary and the mechanism of mixing water in it. Should there be any doubt that this factor will significantly influence your comfort and his life Kran-buksa The usual inside valve mixer tap with two handles for temperature and water head is a device called a crane buxoi. It connects to the valve and directly responsible for the water supply. There are two basic types of crane-books: worm gear and ceramic. The mechanism of the worm tap-bushing is a screw, one end of which is connected with the valve and the other to a rod on which is fixed a strip of rubber. When rotating the crane, the screw moves along the thread inside the tap head parts, rubber gasket is moving around, opening or closing the water supply.
It is obvious that the rubber gasket in the process of operation will rapidly deteriorate, and although it is inexpensive, the trouble of regular changing pads is inevitable. Ceramic crane Bush is characterized by the presence of two ceramic disks, one of which is stationary and the other is attached to the stock. Rotation of the valve causes the alignment of the holes on the discs, the water flowing in the mixer, or displaces them and the water flow stops. This type of faucet head parts are more durable and easy to use, but are more expensive and sensitive to water quality, as even a small grain of sand between the discs could be damaged. In case of breakage, you will have to remove the faucet-the journal box and around a lot of shops to find the suitable for your model of mixer. Crane-axle mixers are usually affordable and easy to repair, but have a high consumption of water and not too easy to manage. Ball mechanism Faucets with ball mechanism equipped with a handle which is adjustable and pressure, and water temperature. They work on the same principle as ceramic crane Bush, but instead of the disks they are placed in a hollow metal sphere with three holes (for cold water, hot water and for mixing them). Cuff and gaskets, locking mechanism ball, fairly quickly wear out causing the faucet may begin to leak. Cartridge Cartridge single lever mixer consists of two discs made of ceramic, as in the case of ceramic valve-boxes, and is a single piece, which, in case of breakage, changing completely. It is compact, most durable and easy to control mechanism. From the design perspective, this option presents the greatest scope for choosing a suitable model mixer. However, you must remember that all single lever faucets are sensitive to water quality and preferably the installation of the pipes filters purification. Various options for the installation of faucets To choose a mixer, you will have to decide exactly where it will be installed, especially now that it offers lots of options for every shape and preferences. Installation options of the mixer: wall (if the bath and sink are so close that you can do it all with one mixer, but in new houses this option is not always possible, as the pipe system in them is hidden and divorced separately for sinks and baths); outdoor (very effective from the point of view of design, however, costly and requires a lot of space variant); embedded (all liner pipes hiding behind the body of the sink or bath); embedded in the rim of the tub (you can find the model of the bath, designed for this type of machine, or embed it in the normal acrylic bathtub); ceiling (ceiling shower can provide a whole range of pleasant sensations and different options of water flow, but not always convenient for technical purposes). Classification by application Do not think that the same mixer suitable for sink in the kitchen and in the bathroom, because they differ not only in design, but structurally, for example, the length and direction of the spout, methods of control and installation, and materials. Consider specific options. Basin mixer As a rule, modern sinks apply embedded single-lever faucet with short fixed spout. The spout height of 12-15 cm is sufficient for washing hands and washing, besides, it would suit almost any, even shallow sink. If the sink located in the bathroom next to the toilet, it makes sense to equip it with a hygienic shower, which are easy to replace and bidet can be installed to separate the bathroom without a sink. Its principle of operation is simple: water passes through the spout of the faucet above the sink, regulate its pressure and temperature. Basin mixer with hygienic shower fitted with a button, clicking which you direct the water flow through the hose. After water treatment, the key should be released and water will again run the spout into the sink. For kitchen sinks In the kitchen are commonly used built-in mixers. Their main difference from the models for bathroom is the shape and size of the spout. For most kitchen faucets are characterized by long, swivel spout, allowing you to wash even large pots. The higher spout, the stronger the water pressure, however, and the likelihood that it would be in a spray, which means you’ll need a sink with a deep bowl. Choose a sink and faucet for the kitchen at the same time it is desirable that their dimensions match each other.
Kitchen faucets include a wide variety of materials. Featuring not only brass, bronze and chrome, but the original mixers-metal and plastic. If the kitchen has a double sink or have the need to wash heavy dishware, you can install telescopic mixer, consisting of several hollow tubes. In this case it is better to choose a trusted manufacturer, because additional connections increase the risk of failure of joints, gaskets, etc. If you want a kitchen faucet it covered a large area, it offers mixers with the exhaust pipe. Inside a small decorative crane hides hose 1-1. 5 m as a conventional soul, which you can use to reach different areas of the kitchen. Bath First of all, we should note that the bathtub faucets can be combined with a shower. Shower faucets are compact and do not have switch shower-bath and the spout, since the water is immediately fed to shower heads. Bathtub faucets with shower — the most common and versatile option. They are usually equipped with low spout and can be either fixed or swivel (suitable if one mixer is used for baths and sinks). In addition, the kit usually comes with a height adjustable shower holder. For shower rack The reception is a bar with multiple shower heads and allows you to combine the functions of a bath and a shower stall. The top rack is stationary watering can, allowing you to change the mode of water flow and provide a massaging and relaxing effect. In addition to the upper lake on the rack is usually attached shower with flexible hose. The alternative is a wall panel lake of arbitrary shape, directing water on you in the form of small rain drops with massage effect, so, it was called “tropical storm”. Ceiling shower Ceiling shower is used to create the effect of home spa, which provides various modes of water supply from tight massage jets, relaxing rain. The size of the ceiling of the heads ranges from 15 to 50 cm in diameter and unusual. This is a great option for relaxation, but a regular shower with a flexible hose for domestic use you still need. Bidet There are various options of mixers for bidets. You can choose a universal model, similar to the conventional mixer, however, is equipped with aerator that allows you to change the direction of the jet. In addition to bidet will fit faucets with hose for hygienic shower and faucets with a spout for bidet function internal padding. In the latter case, the mixer is mounted on the bottom of the bowl. Manufacturers The choice of mixers to suit different tastes and wallet today. Among the budget include a variety of mixers from China. The price of these products are really small however, it is unlikely that you can count on any guarantee of quality. Inexpensive cost and models of domestic production, for example, brand Rossinka. If we talk about popular brands in the higher price categories, well-established in the domestic market, the most popular Grohe (Germany), Hansgrohe (Germany), Jacob Delafon (France), Roca (Spain), etc. In their collections you can find both simple and reliable model of the average price, and the more original and expensive options created by the famous designers. Special types of faucets Modern faucets can be equipped with additional features designed to make your daily life or professional activities more comfortable. Thermostatic mixers The thermostat ensures the water supply is strictly selected temperature and pressure, protecting from unpleasant surprises during water treatment. Thermostatic mixers can be electronic with display for settings and mechanical, does not require additional power source and tuning with levers and valves. Faucets with touch controls Touch mixer has levers and valves and consists only of a crane. It is equipped with a photocell that respond to movement in a zone of about 30 cm using the special lever you set the optimal temperature of the water, which will be switched on and off automatically. Touch mixer will save you from worrying about whether you turned off the faucet and does not burn the children. On the other hand, it is not suitable for the kitchen or for a set of baths, as there need each time different temperature. Basically touch faucets used in public restrooms to save water and hygiene. Cascading mixers Cascading mixers differ from the ordinary form of a spout, from which water flows a broad stream, resembling a waterfall. Their advantages are a stylish and original appearance, durability and the ability to separate installation when the crane is located at one end of the bath, and the controls in another, and the main drawback — relatively high cost. Faucets with suction shower for hairdressers For beauty salons for the convenience of the client and the master used special types of mixers with long pull-out shower. As a rule, they are single lever and is also equipped with an aerator to reduce splashing and ensure a softer stream of water even under strong pressure. Surgical faucets The main difference between surgical mixers — long handle that allows you to turn on and off the water with your elbow, not touching your hands to the mixer, which is caused by increased hygienic requirements. Such mixers can be installed at home, such as in the kitchen and for people with disabilities. Modern faucet is not just a utilitarian device, and the interior decoration, possible to ease your household chores and get pleasure from the water treatments. On the website santechsystemy.ru you can find truly wide selection of faucets for any type of premises, preferences and financial possibilities. You should go and see it for yourself!

What's New in Truck Campers

Read article : What's New in Truck Campers

It’s also an economical approach, with campers starting at under $15,000 and extending upward to $40,000 or more. At the low end, you’ll find basic sleeping accommodations. Spend more and you can get many of the luxury features that would be found in a small motorhome, with good kitchens, full bathrooms, queen-size beds and entertainment centers.

The size of the camper is necessarily limited by the size of the pickup hauling it, but there are lots of options to choose from. And with new materials enabling manufacturers to reduce the weight of their campers, it’s possible to pack more amenities inside a camper without overloading the truck.

Here is a sampling of new campers offered by leading manufacturers:

Adventurer
The Adventurer 93FDS, a 2007 floor plan available in June, will add to a wide array of camper models designed to fit everything from small imports to big one-ton trucks.

The new 93FDS has a full-wall slideout that extends the dinette and refrigerator area. The dinette converts into a bed, enabling the camper to sleep four. The bathroom is given extra spaciousness with a huge skylight.

The suggested base retail price of about $24,000 includes numerous standard features, such as solar reflective windows, a Dometic two-door refrigerator-freezer, a fiberglass shower inside, an outside shower, a slide awning, an exterior yard light, and Happijac electric remote jacks to simplify loading and unloading. The holding tanks are heated and enclosed.

Adventurer campers are lighter in weight than many competitors because of their design and construction, including an aluminum frame and fully laminated walls. The Model 93FDS has a box length of 9 feet, two inches, and an estimated dry weight of 2,850 pounds.

For information, contact Adventurer Manufacturing Ltd, 33541 Maclure Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia V2S 7W1. Phone (604) 852-5731 or visit www.amlrv.com

Alpenlite
Alpenlite made its reputation in the truck camper field by pioneering aluminum frame construction and vacuum bonded walls. That emphasis on technology continues today with features such as block foam insulation, a laminated, vacuum-bonded crowned roof and a gelcoated exterior surface.

Now in its 34th year of building truck campers, Alpenlite offers eight floor plans in a range of sizes. One of its best sellers is the top-of-the-line Santa Fe 1150, which is Alpenlite’s biggest and roomiest model.

The Santa Fe 1150 includes a full queen-size bed, a center dry bath with a tub and shower seat area, Karadon solid surface countertops, and a basement storage area. The fresh water and other fluid tanks are all large-capacity, enclosed, and insulated so that the camper can be used in all seasons. Among the options is a dinette skylight with a retractable shade.

The dinette area slides out for extra room and can be converted to a bed for an additional sleeping area. The suggested retail price on the Santa Fe 1150 is $26,592. If you don’t want a slideout, you can choose the Santa Fe 1100, which offers much the same floor plan as the 1150, and also offers the option of a dinette with a fold-away table and two Flexsteel swivel chairs.

For information on Alpenlite Limited truck campers, contact Western Recreational Vehicles, P. O. Box 9547 Yakima, WA 98909. Phone (800) 777-4133 or visit www.wrv.com.

Arctic Fox
Arctic Fox truck campers, such as the new model 990 Silver Fox edition, are durable and rugged enough to endure cross-country and off-road travel because of innovations in camper engineering.

The Silver Fox edition features an aircraft-style superstructure, transverse floor, and a full-wall slide room that is 26 inches deep. The transverse floor design increases the width of the floor inside, creating a feeling of spaciousness. By using a dual rack and pinion slide mechanism and a strong aluminum superstructure, Northwood Manufacturing builds its Arctic Fox campers so that the slideout can be extended even while people are sitting in the slideout area. Heavy-duty rollers move the slideout smoothly and quietly, while five separate seals guard against water intrusion during wet weather.

With the extra depth of its slideouts, Arctic Fox is able to offer several options. For example, in the overhead bunk option, a hinged interior panel folds down from the upper wall and ceiling of the slideout and converts into an additional bunk bed over the dinette. Another option is a lounge instead of a dinette, with an optional “roll-over” lounge that converts into an extra sleeping area. All standard dinettes also convert to beds.

The bedroom suite in the Arctic Fox features a deluxe queen-size mattress with coordinated bedspread and window valence accents. A folding wall between the main cabin and sleeping area provides privacy.

Arctic Fox campers come in three interior color schemes. The interiors include solid oak hardwood features, textured wallboards on the interior walls and Ozite finished ceilings. Vinyl floor coverings are commercial grade, and there is also a carpeting option. The company offers campers in a range of floor plans, all with full-wall slideouts. The wet bath version of the Silver Fox Model 990 carries a suggested base retail price of $23,929.

For information on Arctic Fox campers, contact Northwood Manufacturing, 59948 Downs Road, La Grande, OR 97850. Phone (541) 962-6274 or visit www.northwoodmfg.com.

Bigfoot
New for 2006 from Bigfoot Industries in British Columbia is a long box version of the short box 25C9.4 camper that was introduced last year. These models are part of the Bigfoot 2500 camper series.

The model offers a spacious layout, with an aft galley with a three-burner cooktop, stainless steel double sink, 6-cubic-foot refrigerator and dinette with face-to-face seating.

All of the models in the 2500 series are constructed from two molded fiberglass shells and insulated with 1 1/2-inch high-density polystyrene block foam insulation. The fresh and wastewater holding tanks are enclosed, insulated and heated by a 30,000 BTU high-output furnace. There is an abundance of interior storage as well a large exterior basement storage compartment. The suggested base retail price is $21,870.

Bigfoot Industries, which also builds trailers and motorhomes, is in its 28th year as an RV company. For information about Bigfoot campers and to order a brochure, contact Bigfoot Industries, 4114 Crozier Road, Armstrong, British Columbia V0E lB6. Phone (250) 546-2177 or visit www.bigfootrv.com.

Citation Supreme
Built in British Columbia by General Coach, Citation Supreme truck campers are designed for all-season comfort. The company’s Polar Pak includes such standard features as high-density foam insulation, two-inch thick vacuum bonded walls with 3/4-inch thermal break, and a fully insulated basement with tanks and valves heated directly by the furnace.

New for 2006 is the Model 1050 slideout for long box trucks. The 1050 is a 100-inch wide body design that includes a queen-size bed, a bathroom with a separate sit/stand shower, and an expansive dinette area that slides out. The bedroom has more headroom than most other campers. Options include dual pane skylights with condensation control and Stormtite thermopane windows that eliminate condensation and filter out UV rays, reducing summer heat buildup.

New on the 1050 and other models is a redesigned optional bumper with three steps, making it easy to enter and exit the camper. A ladder provides access to the roof, and an optional awning over the entrance door extends eight feet. Suggested retail price on the base model 1050 is $25,380.

General Coach, which is part of Thor Industries, backs the Citation with a six-year limited structural and two-year component warranty.

For information, contact General Coach, P. O. Box 700, Oliver, British Columbia VOH 1T0. Phone (250) 498-3471 or visit www.generalcoach.bc.ca

Eagle Cap
The Eagle Cap 1050 offers a new design that includes a forward bath and a large rear kitchen/dining area, with a dinette slideout for extra room. Despite its many amenities, the 1050 has a comparatively low dry weight of 2,950 pounds.

Eagle Cap builds its campers with a welded aluminum superstructure, 100 percent vacuum laminated components and marine-grade fiberglass exterior. The materials and design keep the weight low, giving buyers flexibility in choosing a truck to carry the camper.

The manufacturer’s suggested base price on the Eagle Cap 1050 is $23,275, but popular options can push it above $30,000.

Eagle Cap is now owned by West Coast Leisure Homes, the Canadian builder of Okanagan campers. Intermountain RV, which built Eagle Cap campers, ceased operations in October of 2005, and its assets were purchased by West Coast Leisure Homes.

With new management and a staff of 42 at its plant in La Grande, Oregon, Eagle Cap has resumed production of its most popular models, with a dinette slideout available on most floor plans. Brian Tolley, Eagle Cap sales manager, said Eagle Cap is making improvements to what was already “a sound and innovative product line” by increasing the sidewall gelcoat thickness, for example, and adding other steps to add to the fit and finish quality.

For information, contact Eagle Cap Campers, 59999 Smith Loop, La Grande, OR 97850. Phone (541) 663-1607 or visit www.eaglecapcampers.com.

Host
If one truck camper slideout is good, Host Industries figured two should be even better, and so it has pioneered double slideouts, building campers that are known for their spacious interiors.
With two slideouts extended, the new Host Tahoe 10’6” has 10 feet, six inches of interior width, with the dinette area sliding out on one side and the kitchen on the other. The result is a wide, unobstructed floor area that offers room to maneuver. When one person is cooking at the stove, for example, another person can walk by easily, instead of having to squeeze by.

Host Co-owner Dave Hogue said slideouts on both sides of the camper also add to the balance of the unit. Other design measures, such as putting holding tanks forward in the unit, also enable Host to build a truck camper that handles very well on the road. Host campers are built light, using a vacuum lamination process, an aluminum frame, a fiberglass exterior and a one-piece roof of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO)

The Tahoe has a powerful 34,000 BTU forced-air furnace and large holding tanks: 60 gallons for fresh water, 45 gallons for gray water and 35 gallons for black water.

Double slideouts are available on three of Host’s models; single slideouts are either standard or an option on all models. The Tahoe carries a suggested base retail price of $27,370 with the standard single slideout; a second slideout adds $1,400.

Host Industries was started by Hogue and Mark Storch, whose fathers created Beaver campers and motorhomes. For information about Host campers, contact Host Industries, 300 SE Scott St., Bend, OR 97702. Phone (541) 330-2328 or visit www.hostcampers.com

Lance
By adding four new floor plans for 2006, Lance gives buyers a choice of 15 models—one to fit just about any size or need. As the nation’s largest truck camper manufacturer, Lance groups its models into four product lines: Lance Lite, Lance Sports Camper, Lance and Lance Max.

The low-priced Lance Lite series has six models tailored to people’s budgets. The new Sports Camper series was developed for serious outdoor enthusiasts. The “value-added” Lance series is for RVers seeking more features and comes with increased cabover headroom, more floor space and larger tank capacities.

All Lance Max models come with full-wall slideouts, greatly increasing the interior room and adding to the overall comfort. That feeling of spaciousness is carried through in the Lance Max 981 with a huge skylight above the bed in the cabover area and another large skylight in the bathroom.

Even larger and more luxurious is the Lance Max 1191, which has the advantage of a side entry, an extra convenience for anyone who wants to tow a boat or trailer. The 1191 includes a large bathroom with separate shower, additional storage space and very large holding tanks (42 gallons fresh, 35 gray and 38 black).

New this year in all Lance and Lance Max models is a full-size mirrored wardrobe in the cabover. The wardrobe is deep enough to handle storage bins. Another new design this year is a wraparound sofa/bed in Ultra Leather. It has a removable table, and a center section that pulls out for lounging or sleeping.

Lance builds its campers with welded aluminum and bonded lamination technologies, TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin) roofs and solid high-density, rigid block foam insulation for year-round use. Suggested retail prices of Lance Max models range from $29,848 to $35,987. Other models start as low as $13,454.

For information, contact Lance Camper Manufacturing Corp., 43120 Venture Street, Lancaster, CA 93535-4510. Phone (661) 949-3322 or visit www.lancecamper.com.

Northern Lite
New for 2006 from Northern Lite is the 9’6” Queen Classic SE, which offers lots of extra features and still maintains a surprisingly low weight—2,150 pounds with standard equipment and under 2,400 pounds even with a number of options.

Northern Lite builds its campers with a process that uses two pieces of molded fiberglass and is similar to construction of a fiberglass boat. Owner Mac Donkin said the weight is kept low by the use of materials such as Nidacore flooring, which is half the weight of plywood, and Dometic acrylic thermal pane windows, which are half the weight of conventional thermal pane windows.

The 9’6”Queen Classic SE includes a face-to-face dinette, a full queen-size mattress, heated and insulated tanks, an extra-large dual battery box, stainless steel sink, and a 6.3-cubic-foot refrigerator. The model carries a suggested retail price of $24,070.

Northern Lite uses oak veneer paneling, builds drawers with Russian birch and metal guides, and never uses particle board. Careful attention to quality has earned the company a five-star rating from the RV Consumer Group for eight straight years.

For information, contact Northern Lite Manufacturing, 322 Totom Court, Kelowna, British Columbia V1X 5W6. Phone (800) 887-5342 or visit www.northern-lite.com.

Okanagan
You can warm yourself by the electric fireplace while you are watching a DVD on a flat-screen TV in the new 116ULT camper, part of the Ultimate Suite Series from Okanagan.

The 116ULT is a double-slideout model with a U-shaped dinette extending outward on one side and an entire kitchen extending outward on the other to create a roomy interior. In addition to an electric fireplace, this model also offers many other options, such as an 8- or 10-cubic-foot refrigerator in place of the standard 6-cubic-foot version, a Step-N-Stow storage bumper with a fold-down step, and a large rear awning.

The 116ULT is designed for extended camping with large heated and enclosed holding tanks, including a 63-gallon fresh water tank. Okanagan says its bathroom is the largest seen in a truck camper, with a full-height fiberglass neo-angle shower with a skylight, a large linen closet and a spacious vanity. The camper has 40 cubic feet of exterior storage to handle camping gear and other items.

Construction features include welded steel framing that is laminated into the floor and attached around the perimeter of the slideout openings for superior structural integrity. The peaked laminated roof is 3 1/2 inches thick at the center, creating a ducted roof air conditioner option. Suggested retail price of the Okanagan 116 ULT ranges from $36,000 to $42,000, depending on how it is equipped.

Okanagan campers are built by West Coast Leisure Homes, which also produces fifth wheels, travel trailers and van conversions. For information, contact West Coast Leisure Homes, 316 Dawson Avenue, Penticton, British Columbia V2A 3N6. Phone (250) 493-1535 or visit www.okanaganrv.com.

S&S
S&S has introduced a new truck camper, the Ponderosa 8.5 FBSC, billed as the only non-slideout camper with a full-booth dinette and a sliding step. The camper has a set of steps that can be hidden away under a booth seat and then pulled out to provide easy access to the queen-size bed over the cab.

S&S Owner Doug Sieler said many camper buyers are older people who find it awkward and difficult to climb into a high bed. The innovative step system solves that problem, and when not in use, the steps can be stored away to create more floor space.

The new model is a self-contained unit that is 8.5 feet long and 8 feet wide. It comes with an insulated and heated basement, a double stainless steel sink with cutting board, a three-burner range with oven, double-door refrigerator, a 20,000 BTU forced-air furnace, and a one-piece TP0 (thermoplastic polyolefin) roof. Other standard amenities include a mirrored headboard, AM/FM/CD stereo system, and a Montana gun drawer.

Another unique advantage for a camper of this size for both long and short box trucks is that it has room to add an optional Onan generator. Suggested retail price is about $18,000.

For information, contact S&S Campers, 2740 Highway 93 South, Kalispell, MT 59901. Phone (800) 735-6909 or visit www.s-scampers.com

Home Improvement Questions including "If the rear bumper of your car is detached a little bit is there any kind of glue or Super Glue which will work to hold it on"

Read article : Home Improvement Questions including "If the rear bumper of your car is detached a little bit is there any kind of glue or Super Glue which will work to hold it on"

",i.addBidResponse(m.placementCode,v)}else{var w=o.createBid(2);w.bidderCode=e.bidderCode,i.addBidResponse(m.placementCode,w)}}var I=(new Date).getTime(),T=I-_,S=I-performance.timing.navigationStart,A=r.getEvents(),x=A.some(function(t){return t.args&&t.eventType===s.EVENTS.BID_TIMEOUT&&t.args.bidderCode===e.bidderCode}),E="https://an.facebook.com/placementbidlatency.json?";E+="bid_request_id="+u,E+="&latency_ms="+T.toString(),E+="&bid_returned_time_since_page_load_ms="+S.toString(),E+="&timeout="+x.toString();var j=!0,D=!1,O=void 0;try{for(var C,R=a[Symbol.iterator]();!(j=(C=R.next()).done);j=!0){var B=C.value;E+="&placement_ids[]="+B}}catch(N){D=!0,O=N}finally{try{!j&&R["return"]&&R["return"]()}finally{if(D)throw O}}var q=new XMLHttpRequest;q.open("GET",E,!0),q.withCredentials=!0,q.send(null)})}}var t=function(){this.get=function(e,t){var n=new XMLHttpRequest;n.onreadystatechange=function(){if(4===n.readyState&&200===n.status){var r=JSON.parse(n.responseText);a.logInfo("ANAdapter: "+e+" ==> "+JSON.stringify(r)),t(r)}},n.open("GET",e,!0),n.withCredentials=!0,n.send(null)}};return{callBids:e}};e.exports=d},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},i=n(2),o=n(12),a=n(13),s=n(19),d="INDEXEXCHANGE",u="indexExchange",c={INDEX_DEBUG_MODE:{queryParam:"pbjs_ix_debug",mode:{sandbox:{topFrameLimit:10,queryValue:"sandbox",siteID:"999990"}}}},l="IOM",f="IPM";window.cygnus_index_parse_res=function(e){try{if(e){if("object"!==("undefined"==typeof _IndexRequestData?"undefined":r(_IndexRequestData))||"object"!==r(_IndexRequestData.impIDToSlotID)||"undefined"==typeof _IndexRequestData.impIDToSlotID[e.id])return;var t,n=1;"object"===r(_IndexRequestData.reqOptions)&&"object"===r(_IndexRequestData.reqOptions[e.id])&&("function"==typeof _IndexRequestData.reqOptions[e.id].callback&&(t=_IndexRequestData.reqOptions[e.id].callback),"number"==typeof _IndexRequestData.reqOptions[e.id].targetMode&&(n=_IndexRequestData.reqOptions[e.id].targetMode)),_IndexRequestData.lastRequestID=e.id,_IndexRequestData.targetIDToBid={},_IndexRequestData.targetIDToResp={},_IndexRequestData.targetIDToCreative={};for(var i=[],o="undefined"==typeof e.seatbid?0:e.seatbid.length,a=0;o>a;a++)for(var s=0;se)throw"Invalid Site ID";if(n=Number(n),"number"==typeof n&&n%1===0&&n>=0&&(this.timeoutDelay=n),this.siteID=e,this.impressions=[],this._parseFnName=void 0,top===self?(this.sitePage=location.href,this.topframe=1):(this.sitePage=document.referrer,this.topframe=0),"undefined"!=typeof t){if("function"!=typeof t)throw"Invalid jsonp target function";this._parseFnName="cygnus_index_args.parseFn"}_IndexRequestData.requestCounter="undefined"==typeof _IndexRequestData.requestCounter?Math.floor(256*Math.random()):(_IndexRequestData.requestCounter+1)%256,this.requestID=String((new Date).getTime()%2592e3*256+_IndexRequestData.requestCounter+256),this.initialized=!0}window.cygnus_index_args.parseFn=cygnus_index_parse_res;var r=/[\\\"\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f\u00ad\u0600-\u0604\u070f\u17b4\u17b5\u200c-\u200f\u2028-\u202f\u2060-\u206f\ufeff\ufff0-\uffff]/g,o={"\b":"\\b"," ":"\\t","\n":"\\n","\f":"\\f","\r":"\\r",'"':'\\"',"\\":"\\\\"};n.prototype.serialize=function(){var e='{"id":"'+this.requestID+'","site":{"page":"'+t(this.sitePage)+'"';"string"==typeof document.referrer&&""!==document.referrer&&(e+=',"ref":"'+t(document.referrer)+'"'),e+='},"imp":[';for(var n=0;n0&&(e+=',"ext": {'+i.join()+"}"),e+=n+1===this.impressions.length?"}":"},"}return e+="]}"},n.prototype.setPageOverride=function(e){return"string"!=typeof e||e.match(/^\s*$/)?!1:(this.sitePage=e,!0)},n.prototype.addImpression=function(e,t,n,r,i,o){var a={id:String(this.impressions.length+1)};if("number"!=typeof e||1>=e)return null;if("number"!=typeof t||1>=t)return null;if(("string"==typeof i||"number"==typeof i)&&String(i).lengthn)return null;if(a.bidfloor=n,void 0!==r&&"string"!=typeof r)return null;a.bidfloorcur=r}if("undefined"!=typeof o){if(!("number"==typeof o&&o%1===0&&o>=0))return null;a.siteID=o}return this.impressions.push(a),a.id},n.prototype.buildRequest=function(){if(0!==this.impressions.length&&this.initialized===!0){var e,t=encodeURIComponent(this.serialize());g()==c.INDEX_DEBUG_MODE.mode.sandbox.queryValue.toUpperCase()?(this.siteID=c.INDEX_DEBUG_MODE.mode.sandbox.siteID,e="https:"===window.location.protocol?"https://sandbox.ht.indexexchange.com":"http://sandbox.ht.indexexchange.com",i.logMessage("IX DEBUG: Sandbox mode activated")):e="https:"===window.location.protocol?"https://as-sec.casalemedia.com":"http://as.casalemedia.com";var n=encodeURIComponent("0.19.0");return e+="/cygnus?v=7&fn=cygnus_index_parse_res&s="+this.siteID+"&r="+t+"&pid=pb"+n,"number"==typeof this.timeoutDelay&&this.timeoutDelay%1===0&&this.timeoutDelay>=0&&(e+="&t="+this.timeoutDelay),e}};try{if("undefined"==typeof cygnus_index_args||"undefined"==typeof cygnus_index_args.siteID||"undefined"==typeof cygnus_index_args.slots)return;var a=new n(cygnus_index_args.siteID,cygnus_index_args.parseFn,cygnus_index_args.timeout);cygnus_index_args.url&&"string"==typeof cygnus_index_args.url&&a.setPageOverride(cygnus_index_args.url),_IndexRequestData.impIDToSlotID[a.requestID]={},_IndexRequestData.reqOptions[a.requestID]={};for(var s,u,l=0;l=A)i.logMessage(d+" slot excluded from request due to invalid siteID");else if(A&&"undefined"==typeof cygnus_index_args.siteID&&(cygnus_index_args.siteID=A),i.hasValidBidRequest(y.params,f,d)){g=y.placementCode;var x=y.params[f[0]];if("string"!=typeof x&&"number"!=typeof x){i.logError(d+" bid contains invalid slot ID from "+y.placementCode+". Discarding slot");continue}w++;var E={width:y.sizes[_][0],height:y.sizes[_][1]},j=S?String(x):x+"_"+w;if(l[j]=y,cygnus_index_args.slots=t({id:j,width:E.width,height:E.height,siteID:A||cygnus_index_args.siteID},cygnus_index_args.slots),y.params.tier2SiteID){var D=Number(y.params.tier2SiteID);if("undefined"!=typeof D&&!D)continue;cygnus_index_args.slots=t({id:"T1_"+j,width:E.width,height:E.height,siteID:D},cygnus_index_args.slots)}if(y.params.tier3SiteID){var O=Number(y.params.tier3SiteID);if("undefined"!=typeof O&&!O)continue;cygnus_index_args.slots=t({id:"T2_"+j,width:E.width,height:E.height,siteID:O},cygnus_index_args.slots)}}}else i.logMessage(d+" slot excluded from request due to no valid sizes")}}cygnus_index_args.slots.length>20&&i.logError("Too many unique sizes on slots, will use the first 20.",d),s.loadScript(b());var C=!1;window.cygnus_index_ready_state=function(){if(!C){C=!0;try{var e=_IndexRequestData.targetIDToBid;for(var t in l){var s=l[t],f=s.placementCode,p=[];for(var g in e){var m=/^(T\d_)?(.+)_(\d+)$/.exec(g);if(m){var b=m[1]||"",v=m[2],h=m[3],y=n(cygnus_index_args,b+v);if(v===t){var w=o.createBid(1);w.cpm=h/100,w.ad=e[g][0],w.bidderCode=u,w.width=y.width,w.height=y.height,w.siteID=y.siteID,"object"===r(_IndexRequestData.targetIDToResp)&&"object"===r(_IndexRequestData.targetIDToResp[g])&&"undefined"!=typeof _IndexRequestData.targetIDToResp[g].dealID?("undefined"==typeof _IndexRequestData.targetAggregate["private"][f]&&(_IndexRequestData.targetAggregate["private"][f]=[]),w.dealId=_IndexRequestData.targetIDToResp[g].dealID,_IndexRequestData.targetAggregate["private"][f].push(v+"_"+_IndexRequestData.targetIDToResp[g].dealID)):("undefined"==typeof _IndexRequestData.targetAggregate.open[f]&&(_IndexRequestData.targetAggregate.open[f]=[]),_IndexRequestData.targetAggregate.open[f].push(v+"_"+h)),p.push(w)}}else i.logError("Unable to parse "+g+", skipping slot",d)}var _=void 0;if(p.length>0)for(var I=0;I

0?"&":"?",n=e+t+"rnd="+Math.floor(1e7*Math.random()),(new Image).src=n,n):(i.logMessage("Missing or invalid pixelUrl."),void 0)}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(12),i=n(13),o=n(19),a=n(2),s=function(){function e(e){"undefined"==typeof window.pp?o.loadScript(c,function(){t(e)},!0):t(e)}function t(e){for(var t=e.bids,r=0;rd;d++){var u=n[d];if(String(u)===String(a)){i=!0;break}}return i}function l(e,t,n){if(s.isArray(e)){t.auid=s._map(e,function(e){return e.params.unit}).join("%2C"),t.aus=s._map(e,function(e){return s.parseSizesInput(e.sizes).join(",")}).join("|"),e.forEach(function(e){for(var n in e.params.customParams)e.params.customParams.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(t["c."+n]=e.params.customParams[n])}),t.callback="window.pbjs.oxARJResponse";var r=d(t);o.loadScript("//"+n+"/w/1.0/arj?"+r)}}function f(t){var n=void 0,r=t.bids||[],i=window.location.href&&encodeURIComponent(window.location.href);try{n=window.self!==window.top}catch(o){n=!1}if(0!==r.length){var a=r[0].params.delDomain;m=new Date(t.start),l(r,{ju:i,jr:i,ch:document.charSet||document.characterSet,res:screen.width+"x"+screen.height+"x"+screen.colorDepth,ifr:n,tz:m.getTimezoneOffset(),tws:e(n),ee:"api_sync_write",ef:"bt%2Cdb",be:1,bc:g},a)}}var p="openx",g="hb_pb",m=void 0,b=null;return pbjs.oxARJResponse=function(e){var r=e.ads.ad;e.ads&&e.ads.pixels&&t(e.ads.pixels),r||(r=[]);for(var i=pbjs._bidsRequested.find(function(e){return"openx"===e.bidderCode}).bids,o=0;o0&&Array.isArray(e.sizes[0])&&e.sizes[0].length>1))throw"Invalid Video Bid - No size provided";i=e.sizes[0]}var a={page_url:r.referrer?r.referrer:v.getTopWindowUrl(),resolution:t(),account_id:r.accountId,integration:o(),timeout:n.timeout-(Date.now()-n.auctionStart+T),stash_creatives:!0,ae_pass_through_parameters:r.video.aeParams,slots:[]},s={site_id:r.siteId,zone_id:r.zoneId,position:r.position||"btf",floor:.01,element_id:e.placementCode,name:e.placementCode,language:r.video.language,width:i[0],height:i[1]};if(!r.video.size_id)throw"Invalid Video Bid - Invalid Ad Type!";return s.size_id=r.video.size_id,r.inventory&&"object"===u(r.inventory)&&(s.inventory=r.inventory),r.keywords&&Array.isArray(r.keywords)&&(s.keywords=r.keywords),r.visitor&&"object"===u(r.visitor)&&(s.visitor=r.visitor),a.slots.push(s),JSON.stringify(a)}function r(e){e.startTime=(new Date).getTime();var n=e.params,r=n.accountId,i=n.siteId,s=n.zoneId,d=n.position,c=n.floor,l=n.keywords,f=n.visitor,p=n.inventory,g=n.userId,m=n.referrer;c=(c=parseFloat(c))>.01?c:.01,d=d||"btf";var b=a.masSizeOrdering(Array.isArray(e.params.sizes)?e.params.sizes.map(function(e){return(S[e]||"").split("x")}):e.sizes);if(b.length\ninDapIF=true;"+f+">\n\n\n\n"+e+""+f+">\n

\n\n

"};return s(l.createNew(w),{callBids:e,createNew:a.createNew})}var s=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t=1;t-1||i>-1?-1===r?1:-1===i?-1:r-i:e-n})},a.createNew=function(){return new a},e.exports=a},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(3),i=n(2),o=n(12),a=n(13),s=n(19),d=function(){function e(e){var n=e.bids||[];t(n)}function t(e){var t=window.location.host,n=window.location.pathname+location.search+location.hash,o=[];i._each(e,function(e){var t=i.getBidIdParameter("tagid",e.params),n=i.getBidIdParameter("bidfloor",e.params),r=0,a=0,s=Array.isArray(e.params.sizes)?e.params.sizes:e.sizes,d=s.length;2===d&&"number"==typeof s[0]&&"number"==typeof s[1]?(r=s[0],a=s[1]):(r=s[0][0],a=s[0][1]);var u={id:e.bidId,banner:{w:r,h:a},tagid:t,bidfloor:n};o.push(u)});var a={id:i.getUniqueIdentifierStr(),imp:o,site:{domain:t,page:n}},u="//"+d+"?callback=window.pbjs.sovrnResponse&src="+r.REPO_AND_VERSION+"&br="+encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(a));s.loadScript(u)}function n(e){var t=pbjs._bidsRequested.find(function(e){return"sovrn"===e.bidderCode});t=t?t.bids.filter(function(t){return e.indexOf(t.bidId)';d=o.createBid(1,u),d.creative_id=e.id,d.bidderCode="sovrn",d.cpm=n,d.ad=decodeURIComponent(c+l),d.width=parseInt(e.w),d.height=parseInt(e.h),a.addBidResponse(i,d),t.push(s)}}),n(t)}else n([]);else n([])},{callBids:e}};e.exports=d},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(2),i=n(19),o=n(13),a=n(12),s=function(){function e(e){for(var n=e.bids,r=n.length,o=0;r>o;o++){var a=n[o],s=a.bidId;i.loadScript(t(a,s))}}function t(e,t){var i=r.getBidIdParameter("inventoryCode",e.params),o=r.getBidIdParameter("floor",e.params),a="//tlx.3lift.com/header/auction?",s=document.location.protocol+a;s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"callback","pbjs.TLCB"),s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"lib","prebid"),s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"v","0.19.0"),s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"callback_id",t),s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"inv_code",i),s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"floor",o),s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"fe",n());var d=r.parseSizesInput(e.sizes);d&&(s+="size="+d+"&");var u=r.getTopWindowUrl();return s=r.tryAppendQueryString(s,"referrer",u),s.lastIndexOf("&")===s.length-1&&(s=s.substring(0,s.length-1)),r.logMessage("tlCall request built: "+s),e.startTime=(new Date).getTime(),s}function n(){var e=0;try{var t=new window.ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash");t&&(e=1)}catch(n){navigator.mimeTypes&&void 0!==navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"]&&navigator.mimeTypes["application/x-shockwave-flash"].enabledPlugin&&(e=1)}return e}return pbjs.TLCB=function(e){if(e&&e.callback_id){var t=r.getBidRequest(e.callback_id),n=t&&t.placementCode;t&&r.logMessage("JSONP callback function called for inventory code: "+t.params.inventoryCode);var i=[];e&&e.cpm&&0!==e.cpm?(i=a.createBid(1,t),i.bidderCode="triplelift",i.cpm=e.cpm,i.ad=e.ad,i.width=e.width,i.height=e.height,i.dealId=e.deal_id,o.addBidResponse(n,i)):(t&&r.logMessage("No prebid response from TripleLift for inventory code: "+t.params.inventoryCode),i=a.createBid(2,t),i.bidderCode="triplelift",o.addBidResponse(n,i))}else r.logMessage("No prebid response for placement %%PLACEMENT%%")},{callBids:e}};e.exports=s},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}var i=n(26),o=r(i),a=n(51),s=r(a);Array.prototype.find||o["default"](),Array.prototype.includes||s["default"](),Number.isInteger=Number.isInteger||function(e){return"number"==typeof e&&isFinite(e)&&Math.floor(e)===e}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(27),i=n(31);e.exports=function(){var e=i();return r(Array.prototype,{find:e},{find:function(){return Array.prototype.find!==e}}),e}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(28),i=n(30),o="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol(),a=Object.prototype.toString,s=function(e){return"function"==typeof e&&"[object Function]"===a.call(e)},d=function(){var e={};try{Object.defineProperty(e,"x",{enumerable:!1,value:e});for(var t in e)return!1;return e.x===e}catch(n){return!1}},u=Object.defineProperty&&d(),c=function(e,t,n,r){(!(t in e)||s(r)&&r())&&(u?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{configurable:!0,enumerable:!1,value:n,writable:!0}):e[t]=n)},l=function(e,t){var n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:{},a=r(t);o&&(a=a.concat(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(t))),i(a,function(r){c(e,r,t[r],n[r])})};l.supportsDescriptors=!!u,e.exports=l},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,i=Object.prototype.toString,o=Array.prototype.slice,a=n(29),s=Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable,d=!s.call({toString:null},"toString"),u=s.call(function(){},"prototype"),c=["toString","toLocaleString","valueOf","hasOwnProperty","isPrototypeOf","propertyIsEnumerable","constructor"],l=function(e){var t=e.constructor;return t&&t.prototype===e},f={$console:!0,$external:!0,$frame:!0,$frameElement:!0,$frames:!0,$innerHeight:!0,$innerWidth:!0,$outerHeight:!0,$outerWidth:!0,$pageXOffset:!0,$pageYOffset:!0,$parent:!0,$scrollLeft:!0,$scrollTop:!0,$scrollX:!0,$scrollY:!0,$self:!0,$webkitIndexedDB:!0,$webkitStorageInfo:!0,$window:!0},p=function(){if("undefined"==typeof window)return!1;for(var e in window)try{if(!f["$"+e]&&r.call(window,e)&&null!==window[e]&&"object"==typeof window[e])try{l(window[e])}catch(t){return!0}}catch(t){return!0}return!1}(),g=function(e){if("undefined"==typeof window||!p)return l(e);try{return l(e)}catch(t){return!1}},m=function(e){var t=null!==e&&"object"==typeof e,n="[object Function]"===i.call(e),o=a(e),s=t&&"[object String]"===i.call(e),l=[];if(!t&&!n&&!o)throw new TypeError("Object.keys called on a non-object");var f=u&&n;if(s&&e.length>0&&!r.call(e,0))for(var p=0;p0)for(var m=0;m=0&&"[object Function]"===t.call(e.callee)),r}},function(e){var t=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,n=Object.prototype.toString;e.exports=function(e,r,i){if("[object Function]"!==n.call(r))throw new TypeError("iterator must be a function");var o=e.length;if(o===+o)for(var a=0;o>a;a++)r.call(i,e[a],a,e);else for(var s in e)t.call(e,s)&&r.call(i,e[s],s,e)}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";e.exports=function(){var e=Array.prototype.find&&1!==[,1].find(function(){return!0});return e?Array.prototype.find:n(32)}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(33);e.exports=function(e){var t=r.ToObject(this),n=r.ToInteger(r.ToLength(t.length));if(!r.IsCallable(e))throw new TypeError("Array#find: predicate must be a function");if(0===n)return void 0;for(var i,o=arguments[1],a=0;n>a;a++)if(i=t[a],r.Call(e,o,[i,a,t]))return i;return void 0}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=Object.prototype.toString,i="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator,o=i?Symbol.prototype.toString:r,a=n(34),s=n(35),d=Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER||Math.pow(2,53)-1,u=n(36),c=n(37),l=n(38),f=n(39),p=n(40),g=parseInt,m=n(45),b=m.call(Function.call,String.prototype.slice),v=m.call(Function.call,RegExp.prototype.test,/^0b[01]+$/i),h=m.call(Function.call,RegExp.prototype.test,/^0o[0-7]+$/i),y=["…","​",""].join(""),w=new RegExp("["+y+"]","g"),_=m.call(Function.call,RegExp.prototype.test,w),I=/^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i,T=m.call(Function.call,RegExp.prototype.test,I),S=[" \n\f\r   ᠎    ","         　\u2028","\u2029"].join(""),A=new RegExp("(^["+S+"]+)|(["+S+"]+$)","g"),x=m.call(Function.call,String.prototype.replace),E=function(e){return x(e,A,"")},j=n(47),D=n(49),O=u(u({},j),{Call:function(e,t){var n=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:[];if(!this.IsCallable(e))throw new TypeError(e+" is not a function");return e.apply(t,n)},ToPrimitive:p,ToNumber:function(e){var t=f(e)?e:p(e,"number");if("symbol"==typeof t)throw new TypeError("Cannot convert a Symbol value to a number");if("string"==typeof t){if(v(t))return this.ToNumber(g(b(t,2),2));if(h(t))return this.ToNumber(g(b(t,2),8));if(_(t)||T(t))return 0/0;var n=E(t);if(n!==t)return this.ToNumber(n)}return Number(t)},ToInt16:function(e){var t=this.ToUint16(e);return t>=32768?t-65536:t},ToInt8:function(e){var t=this.ToUint8(e);return t>=128?t-256:t},ToUint8:function(e){var t=this.ToNumber(e);if(a(t)||0===t||!s(t))return 0;var n=c(t)*Math.floor(Math.abs(t));return l(n,256)},ToUint8Clamp:function(e){var t=this.ToNumber(e);if(a(t)||0>=t)return 0;if(t>=255)return 255;var n=Math.floor(e);return t>n+.5?n+1:n+.5>t?n:n%2!==0?n+1:n},ToString:function(e){if("symbol"==typeof e)throw new TypeError("Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string");return String(e)},ToObject:function(e){return this.RequireObjectCoercible(e),Object(e)},ToPropertyKey:function(e){var t=this.ToPrimitive(e,String);return"symbol"==typeof t?o.call(t):this.ToString(t)},ToLength:function(e){var t=this.ToInteger(e);return 0>=t?0:t>d?d:t},CanonicalNumericIndexString:function(e){if("[object String]"!==r.call(e))throw new TypeError("must be a string");if("-0"===e)return-0;var t=this.ToNumber(e);return this.SameValue(this.ToString(t),e)?t:void 0},RequireObjectCoercible:j.CheckObjectCoercible,IsArray:Array.isArray||function(e){return"[object Array]"===r.call(e)},IsConstructor:function(e){return"function"==typeof e&&!!e.prototype},IsExtensible:function(e){return Object.preventExtensions?f(e)?!1:Object.isExtensible(e):!0},IsInteger:function(e){if("number"!=typeof e||a(e)||!s(e))return!1;var t=Math.abs(e);return Math.floor(t)===t},IsPropertyKey:function(e){return"string"==typeof e||"symbol"==typeof e},IsRegExp:function(e){if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return!1;if(i){var t=e[Symbol.match];if("undefined"!=typeof t)return j.ToBoolean(t)}return D(e)},SameValueZero:function(e,t){return e===t||a(e)&&a(t)},GetV:function(e,t){if(!this.IsPropertyKey(t))throw new TypeError("Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true");var n=this.ToObject(e);return n[t]},GetMethod:function(e,t){if(!this.IsPropertyKey(t))throw new TypeError("Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true");var n=this.GetV(e,t);if(null==n)return void 0;if(!this.IsCallable(n))throw new TypeError(t+"is not a function");return n},Get:function(e,t){if("Object"!==this.Type(e))throw new TypeError("Assertion failed: Type(O) is not Object");if(!this.IsPropertyKey(t))throw new TypeError("Assertion failed: IsPropertyKey(P) is not true");return e[t]},Type:function(e){return"symbol"==typeof e?"Symbol":j.Type(e)},SpeciesConstructor:function(e,t){if("Object"!==this.Type(e))throw new TypeError("Assertion failed: Type(O) is not Object");var n=e.constructor;if("undefined"==typeof n)return t;if("Object"!==this.Type(n))throw new TypeError("O.constructor is not an Object");var r=i&&Symbol.species?n[Symbol.species]:void 0;if(null==r)return t;if(this.IsConstructor(r))return r;throw new TypeError("no constructor found")}});delete O.CheckObjectCoercible,e.exports=O},function(e){e.exports=Number.isNaN||function(e){return e!==e}},function(e){var t=Number.isNaN||function(e){return e!==e};e.exports=Number.isFinite||function(e){return"number"==typeof e&&!t(e)&&1/0!==e&&e!==-1/0}},function(e){var t=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=Object.assign||function(e,n){for(var r in n)t.call(n,r)&&(e[r]=n[r]);return e}},function(e){e.exports=function(e){return e>=0?1:-1}},function(e){e.exports=function(e,t){var n=e%t;return Math.floor(n>=0?n:n+t)}},function(e){e.exports=function(e){return null===e||"function"!=typeof e&&"object"!=typeof e}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator,i=n(41),o=n(42),a=n(43),s=n(44),d=function(e,t){if("undefined"==typeof e||null===e)throw new TypeError("Cannot call method on "+e);if("string"!=typeof t||"number"!==t&&"string"!==t)throw new TypeError('hint must be "string" or "number"');var n,r,a,s="string"===t?["toString","valueOf"]:["valueOf","toString"];for(a=0;a1&&(t===String?n="string":t===Number&&(n="number"));var o;if(r&&(Symbol.toPrimitive?o=u(e,Symbol.toPrimitive):s(e)&&(o=Symbol.prototype.valueOf)),"undefined"!=typeof o){var c=o.call(e,n);if(i(c))return c;throw new TypeError("unable to convert exotic object to primitive")}return"default"===n&&(a(e)||s(e))&&(n="string"),d(e,"default"===n?"number":n)}},function(e){e.exports=function(e){return null===e||"function"!=typeof e&&"object"!=typeof e}},function(e){"use strict";var t=Function.prototype.toString,n=/^\s*class /,r=function(e){try{var r=t.call(e),i=r.replace(/\/\/.*\n/g,""),o=i.replace(/\/\*[.\s\S]*\*\//g,""),a=o.replace(/\n/gm," ").replace(/ {2}/g," ");return n.test(a)}catch(s){return!1}},i=function(e){try{return r(e)?!1:(t.call(e),!0)}catch(n){return!1}},o=Object.prototype.toString,a="[object Function]",s="[object GeneratorFunction]",d="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.toStringTag;e.exports=function(e){if(!e)return!1;if("function"!=typeof e&&"object"!=typeof e)return!1;if(d)return i(e);if(r(e))return!1;var t=o.call(e);return t===a||t===s}},function(e){"use strict";var t=Date.prototype.getDay,n=function(e){try{return t.call(e),!0}catch(n){return!1}},r=Object.prototype.toString,i="[object Date]",o="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.toStringTag;e.exports=function(e){return"object"!=typeof e||null===e?!1:o?n(e):r.call(e)===i}},function(e){"use strict";var t=Object.prototype.toString,n="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol();if(n){var r=Symbol.prototype.toString,i=/^Symbol\(.*\)$/,o=function(e){return"symbol"!=typeof e.valueOf()?!1:i.test(r.call(e))};e.exports=function(e){if("symbol"==typeof e)return!0;if("[object Symbol]"!==t.call(e))return!1;try{return o(e)}catch(n){return!1}}}else e.exports=function(){return!1}},function(e,t,n){var r=n(46);e.exports=Function.prototype.bind||r},function(e){var t="Function.prototype.bind called on incompatible ",n=Array.prototype.slice,r=Object.prototype.toString,i="[object Function]";e.exports=function(e){var o=this;if("function"!=typeof o||r.call(o)!==i)throw new TypeError(t+o);for(var a,s=n.call(arguments,1),d=function(){if(this instanceof a){var t=o.apply(this,s.concat(n.call(arguments)));return Object(t)===t?t:this}return o.apply(e,s.concat(n.call(arguments)))},u=Math.max(0,o.length-s.length),c=[],l=0;u>l;l++)c.push("$"+l);if(a=Function("binder","return function ("+c.join(",")+"){ return binder.apply(this,arguments); }")(d),o.prototype){var f=function(){};f.prototype=o.prototype,a.prototype=new f,f.prototype=null}return a}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(34),i=n(35),o=n(37),a=n(38),s=n(42),d=n(48),u={ToPrimitive:d,ToBoolean:function(e){return Boolean(e)},ToNumber:function(e){return Number(e)},ToInteger:function(e){var t=this.ToNumber(e);return r(t)?0:0!==t&&i(t)?o(t)*Math.floor(Math.abs(t)):t},ToInt32:function(e){return this.ToNumber(e)>>0},ToUint32:function(e){return this.ToNumber(e)>>>0},ToUint16:function(e){var t=this.ToNumber(e);if(r(t)||0===t||!i(t))return 0;var n=o(t)*Math.floor(Math.abs(t));return a(n,65536)},ToString:function(e){return String(e)},ToObject:function(e){return this.CheckObjectCoercible(e),Object(e)},CheckObjectCoercible:function(e,t){if(null==e)throw new TypeError(t||"Cannot call method on "+e);return e},IsCallable:s,SameValue:function(e,t){return e===t?0===e?1/e===1/t:!0:r(e)&&r(t)},Type:function(e){return null===e?"Null":"undefined"==typeof e?"Undefined":"function"==typeof e||"object"==typeof e?"Object":"number"==typeof e?"Number":"boolean"==typeof e?"Boolean":"string"==typeof e?"String":void 0}};e.exports=u},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=Object.prototype.toString,i=n(41),o=n(42),a={"[[DefaultValue]]":function(e,t){var n=t||("[object Date]"===r.call(e)?String:Number);if(n===String||n===Number){var a,s,d=n===String?["toString","valueOf"]:["valueOf","toString"];for(s=0;s1?r.ToInteger(arguments[1]):0;if(a&&!i(e)&&o(t)&&"undefined"!=typeof e)return a.apply(this,arguments)>-1;var n=r.ToObject(this),s=r.ToLength(n.length);if(0===s)return!1;for(var d=t>=0?t:Math.max(0,s+t);s>d;){if(r.SameValueZero(e,n[d]))return!0;d+=1}return!1}}).call(t,function(){return this}())},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return e&&e.__esModule?e:{"default":e}}function i(){addEventListener("message",o,!1)}function o(e){var t=e.message?"message":"data",n={};try{n=JSON.parse(e[t])}catch(r){return}if(n.adId){var i=pbjs._bidsReceived.find(function(e){return e.adId===n.adId});"Prebid Request"===n.message&&(a(i,n.adServerDomain,e.source),u["default"].emit(l,i))}}function a(e,t,n){var r=e.adId,i=e.ad,o=e.adUrl,a=e.width,d=e.height;r&&(s(e),n.postMessage(JSON.stringify({message:"Prebid Response",ad:i,adUrl:o,adId:r,width:a,height:d}),t))}function s(e){var t=e.adUnitCode,n=e.width,r=e.height,i=document.getElementById(window.googletag.pubads().getSlots().find(function(e){return e.getAdUnitPath()===t||e.getSlotElementId()===t}).getSlotElementId()).querySelector("iframe");i.width=""+n,i.height=""+r}Object.defineProperty(t,"__esModule",{value:!0}),t.listenMessagesFromCreative=i;var d=n(8),u=r(d),c=n(3),l=c.EVENTS.BID_WON},function(e,t,n){"use strict";var r=n(11),i=function(e){this.name=e.adserver,this.code=e.code,this.getWinningBidByCode=function(){var e=this,t=pbjs._bidsReceived.find(function(t){return t.adUnitCode===e.code});return t}};t.dfpAdserver=function(e,t){var n=new i(e);n.urlComponents=t;var o={env:"vp",gdfp_req:"1",impl:"s",unviewed_position_start:"1"},a=["output","iu","sz","url","correlator","description_url","hl"],s=function(e){return encodeURIComponent(r.formatQS(e))};return n.appendQueryParams=function(){var e=n.getWinningBidByCode();this.urlComponents.search.description_url=encodeURIComponent(e.descriptionUrl),this.urlComponents.search.cust_params=s(e.adserverTargeting),this.urlComponents.search.correlator=Date.now()},n.verifyAdserverTag=function(){for(var e in o)if(!this.urlComponents.search.hasOwnProperty(e)||this.urlComponents.search[e]!==o[e])return!1; for(var t in a)if(!this.urlComponents.search.hasOwnProperty(a[t]))return!1;return!0},n}},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function i(e){var t=e?"string"==typeof e?[e]:e:pbjs._adUnitCodes,n=p.getWinningBids(t),i=o();return n=n.map(function(e){return r({},e.adUnitCode,Object.keys(e.adserverTargeting).filter(function(t){return"undefined"==typeof e.sendStandardTargeting||e.sendStandardTargeting||-1===i.indexOf(t)}).map(function(t){return r({},t.substring(0,20),[e.adserverTargeting[t]])}))})}function o(){return c.getStandardBidderAdServerTargeting().map(function(e){return e.key}).concat(f.TARGETING_KEYS).filter(u.uniques)}function a(e){var t=o();return pbjs._bidsReceived.filter(u.adUnitsFilter.bind(this,e)).map(function(e){return e.alwaysUseBid?r({},e.adUnitCode,Object.keys(e.adserverTargeting).map(function(n){return t.indexOf(n)>-1?void 0:r({},n.substring(0,20),[e.adserverTargeting[n]])}).filter(function(e){return e})):void 0}).filter(function(e){return e})}function s(e){var t=f.TARGETING_KEYS;return pbjs._bidsReceived.filter(u.adUnitsFilter.bind(this,e)).map(function(e){return e.adserverTargeting?r({},e.adUnitCode,d(e,t.filter(function(t){return"undefined"!=typeof e.adserverTargeting[t]}))):void 0}).filter(function(e){return e})}function d(e,t){return t.map(function(t){return r({},(t+"_"+e.bidderCode).substring(0,20),[e.adserverTargeting[t]])})}var u=n(2),c=n(13),l=n(2),f=n(3),p=t,g=[];p.resetPresetTargeting=function(e){var t=e?"string"==typeof e?[e]:e:pbjs._adUnitCodes;u.isGptPubadsDefined()&&window.googletag.pubads().getSlots().forEach(function(e){g.forEach(function(n){(t.includes(e.getAdUnitPath())||t.includes(e.getSlotElementId()))&&e.setTargeting(n,null)})})},p.getAllTargeting=function(e){var t=e?"string"==typeof e?[e]:e:pbjs._adUnitCodes,n=i(t).concat(a(t)).concat(pbjs._sendAllBids?s(t):[]);return n.map(function(e){Object.keys(e).map(function(t){e[t].map(function(e){-1===g.indexOf(Object.keys(e)[0])&&(g=Object.keys(e).concat(g))})})}),n},p.setTargeting=function(e){window.googletag.pubads().getSlots().forEach(function(t){e.filter(function(e){return Object.keys(e)[0]===t.getAdUnitPath()||Object.keys(e)[0]===t.getSlotElementId()}).forEach(function(e){return e[Object.keys(e)[0]].forEach(function(e){e[Object.keys(e)[0]].map(function(n){return l.logMessage("Attempting to set key value for slot: "+t.getSlotElementId()+" key: "+Object.keys(e)[0]+" value: "+n),n}).forEach(function(n){t.setTargeting(Object.keys(e)[0],n)})})})})},p.getWinningBids=function(e){var t=e?"string"==typeof e?[e]:e:pbjs._adUnitCodes;return pbjs._bidsReceived.filter(function(e){return t.includes(e.adUnitCode)}).filter(function(e){return e.cpm>0}).map(function(e){return e.adUnitCode}).filter(u.uniques).map(function(e){return pbjs._bidsReceived.filter(function(t){return t.adUnitCode===e?t:null}).reduce(u.getHighestCpm,{adUnitCode:e,cpm:0,adserverTargeting:{},timeToRespond:0})})},p.setTargetingForAst=function(){var e=pbjs.getAdserverTargeting();Object.keys(e).forEach(function(t){return Object.keys(e[t]).forEach(function(n){if(l.logMessage("Attempting to set targeting for targetId: "+t+" key: "+n+" value: "+e[t][n]),l.isStr(e[t][n])||l.isArray(e[t][n])){var r={},i="hb_adid"===n?n.toUpperCase():n;r[i]=e[t][n],window.apntag.setKeywords(t,r)}})})},p.isApntagDefined=function(){return window.apntag&&l.isFn(window.apntag.setKeywords)?!0:void 0}}]); pbjs.version="0.19.0"; Newest Categories YOU HAVE CHANGES THAT ARE NOT IN OUR CACHE YET

Rebuild Topic Tree Cache

NOTE: This can take several seconds to complete. Only do this when you are done with your changes.

Rebuild category tree?

Rebuilding...

To request a new category, fill out this form.

Subcategories

Most modern car bumpers have been made with a specific mix that makes it almost impossible to glue. Many of these products are 'hot air welded' rather than glued.

Popularity: 47

You need bushings in the bottom door hinge. You might have to remove the finder to get to it. You might trying to go to a you pull it and find a good hinge from a 89 to 97 Thunderbird or Cougar. It would be less work.

Popularity: 83

Many gasket kits actually recommend using a gasket goo. As long as you are careful and get only a light coating to hold the gasket while installing you will have no problem.

Popularity: 45

It is easiest if the gas line and the electrical outlet are already set up in your home. At that point, it is easy to set up the appliance. When hooking up a new or used gas appliance it is required that you use a new gas line. I always try to use a flexible line and make sure it is extra long so …

Popularity: 153

When it comes to moss or mold on a roof, the culprit is actually a blue-green algae which is most commonly found in warmer, humid climates. Although it does not damage the roofing the black stains it leaves do not look good. One solution if there are only a few shingles involved, would be to repla…

Popularity: 330

Books on Home Repair If you're likely to shop for tools and supplies at a Home Depot, then I recommend you have a look at their own series of home improvement books. (Note that there is considerable redundancy between the various volumes they offer.) These books provide detailed instructions for a w…

Popularity: 180

Get Rid of Bees in Walls Call in the exterminator. -Zo Another option: Take a one gallon jug , glass is preferred, plastic will do, take 1/3 cup of sugar and fill 1/4 full with water. The bees will go into the jug and drown. place this where you have the bee problem. This works outside with ye…

Popularity: 25

First of all DO NOT start a fire in the fireplace to drive the bees out. The bees could have damaged the lining of the fireplace creating a home fire hazard or created a nest that is blocking the flue and this will back smoke up into the house. Step 1. Install a chimney balloon or inflatable damper…

Popularity: 38

Unless you are replacing a 16 foot wide window, you will need to install a header. Your best bet to span that distance is a laminated beam or other engineered lumber, and you will need 3 jack studs supporting it on each side. Since you are making a structural change, you will need to pull a permit a…

Popularity: 117

There is a wide array of costs concerning roof replacement, regardless of the area. The material used, size in square footage, labor costs, and so on. Sometimes a second layer of shingles can be added, but use caution since you may just be covering up an underlying issue with the roof structure or m…

Popularity: 126

Insurance for older homes You may not find a company willing to provide all-risk coverage or replacement cost coverage. You should be able to buy a named-peril, ACV (pays depreciated value due to age) policy with basic fire & extended coverage. Contact a few agents. In Florida, most insurers wi…

Popularity: 175

The general theory or principle of homeowners insurance as it pertains to the structure itself is to repair or replace it to its pre-loss condition. It does not cover issues that are caused by deferred maintenance. Coverage for Structural integrity and quality of workmanship issues are generally a…

Popularity: 191

Vacuuming large debris through skimmer without using a leaf trap. A leaf trap has a bag inside for catching debris and is placed between the end of your pool vacuum hose and the skimmer. It keeps leaves from clogging your skimmer line when you vacuum. It's OK to not to use a leaf trap as long a…

Popularity: 65

Swimming pool paint companies do not recomment mixing paint types rubber goes back on rubber or epoxy back on epoxySo if you want epoxy, sandblast off the rubber. BTW Silica sand is very toxic and best left to the pros, the paint ain't much to help out the health either.Take special care when painti…

Popularity: 65

I believe that when chlorinated water splashes on the limestone, it will create a crossive environment that may be adverse to the metal wall.

Popularity: 47

Use "pool repair mortar" if it is under water or any exterior latex fortified thinset mortar if it's not under water. After trying several types of products that didn't work I used "liquid nail" which can be purchased at a local hardware store. You then have to re-grout the tile and seal them.

Popularity: 45

About 2.6 million dollars as there is sold bed rock to remove and the blasting will cost several hundred thousand dollars then there is the EPA and environmental impact studies and noise abatement and having to remove the trees that are housing endangered birds and Then installing Schedule 80 PVC pi…

Popularity: 55

It sounds like you do need to put air in your tank. Look here for a fairly clear description of the process: gremcoinc.com The exact process will depend on your system. No. Low air in the tank would only make the pump run more. Pressure is a factor of the pump and the well. The tank will only hol…

Popularity: 388

Answer If there is no plumbing in the wall it has to be either a leak from upstairs that's running down the wall or the grout or caulk has gone bad and every time you take a shower you make it worse. Grout is cheap and easy. Try scraping out the old grout between the tiles and then regrout between t…

Popularity: 163

Sometimes chemicals causes rust to get into the water lines. a change in water pressure will cause this rust to turn loose and come through into the bathtub or other appliances. Another cause could be a break in the pipe. What you may be seeing is dirt. What happens is when the water flows, and then…

Popularity: 241

Many plumbing supply stores have a list of contractors that can be recommended. Otherwise, ask around to see who has been used before. Angie's List (a service you pay for) has vetted home improvement professionals if you would like to go that route.

Popularity: 162

I usually use the thickest wax ring I can find with the plastic funnel thing embedded in it. If it's a little too thick, the extra wax will just squeeze out a bit underneath the toilet. Sometimes its necessary to double up on the ring (use two - one with the funnel one without) to make a good seal o…

Popularity: 310

Depending on the condition of the bladder tank sometimes you can add more air to it for a temporary fix, but ultimately you will have to replace it. Press in the air valve on top to see if any water comes out, if so then the bladder is water logged.   Depending on the tank, the bladder can so…

Popularity: 191

%DETAILS% Answer It's possible that you have a blockage, on the toilet line and the water is coming up in the tub to alleviate pressure. Or, your vent may be clogged causing what is called back syphonage, causing the water not to push out.

Popularity: 95

Installing a Toilet on a Cast Yes, you can put a toilet on it. The hardest part would be putting a toilet flange onto the cast. There are two options: you can either get a cast iron flange to fit over it and pour a lead joint or you have to chip around the pipe enough to get a no hub band on it. Yo…

Popularity: 514

You normally locate the vent at the sink drain, but you can locate a vent at every fixture if you like.  *The sink is vented above the tee holding the trap arm to the sink. The sink drain will go below the floor and be joined(usually with a wye) from the shower drain which then is joined into …

Popularity: 281

If this noise occurs after shutting off a fixture (e.g., shower or sink), I'd pop the lid on the toilet tank and check there. Sometimes, this type of noise occurs when water pressure is reduced somewhere else, causing the fill valve to open slightly and howl like a foghorn. So, after shutting off th…

Popularity: 216

It depends on your system. If your on city water you should be able to pull off the airaters on the sinks and open up all your fixtures until the air is out. If your on a well you could try the same thing. If it doesen't work on a well it could be that your well pump isn't filling your tank as fast …

Popularity: 210

Be aware that for the first few minutes after turning off you will get the shower head leak a little. This is because the shower head has a large cavity inside that fills up with water in use. When you turn off, that water has to go somewhere, so it dribbles through the outlets of the shower head. …

Popularity: 249

Several things cause the toilet to "keep running." Either the flap in the bottom of the tank isn't sealing shut. When you push the handle, a chain connects an arm on the handle to the flap on the bottom of the tank. The flap opens letting the water in the tank run through the bowl flushing the float…

Popularity: 76

Yes, the baffle is choking off the vent, causing the toilets to flush slow.

Popularity: 48

Do you have the tub where you can measure it? If so, measure from the back of the tub to the center of the overflow, that will give you the measurement for the drain.

Popularity: 72

First, remove the shower head and test the valve. If you have plenty of water at the shower with the head removed, then the problem is a clogged shower head. Clean it or replace it. What the hell...just replace it. You deserve it. Go buy one of those cool shower massage heads to replace it. If you…

Popularity: 85

If it is loose debris, simply remove the strainers at each faucet and turn on the water. If the depris is hardened and cannot be removed in this manner, replace the offending water line.Ans 2 - The above answer will help, but not always cure the problem. Other parts where debris will almost certainl…

Popularity: 44

Low water pressue is caused by debris in the line, depending on the type of pipe, ie. galvanized produces buildup which restricts flow. Foul smell is caused by food particles in your disposal. This can be easily corrected by pouring bleach down your drain, also check to make sure trap is not dry.Ans…

Popularity: 56

Look for a special toilet that mounts directly to the floor and the water drains into a box mounted on the floor behind the toilet, under the tank. This box contains a pump that runs off electricity (plugs into standard outlet), and when the toilet is flushed, the waste goes into the box and is pum…

Popularity: 60

Yes.

Popularity: 54

install a tank and a sewage ejector pump There are also "macerating toilets" which grind the waste and eject it vertically through a 3/4" or 1" waste pipe until the waste is higher than the existing waste drain pipe where it can then flow downward using gravity. These macerating toilets can cost u…

Popularity: 91

If you have alot of fine sand in your water as we do, it could be that as the water heats it cooks the sand onto the heating coil and therefore narrows the space the hot water travels through. It does not affect the cold at all only the hot. If this is the case you need a new heating coil for your …

Popularity: 77

Reset the pressure switch to energize (close) at a higher pressure. I would increase it 10# for starters.Ans 2 - That won't do it. The only way is to feed the outside hydrants from the pressure tank.

Popularity: 43

If the pressure problem is in the shower try removing the shower head but leave the shower arm in place. Then turn the water on and see if you have a good flow of water with no shower head in place. Sometimes the shower head gets clogged with a mineral deposit which needs to be disloved with somethi…

Popularity: 52

Yes.

Popularity: 52

Replace the shower valve (faucet).   I would call a plumber to check it out. Because there may be another reason, it depends on other things besides faucet. Like a crimped water line under slab floor, if you have copper water lines, i have seen the cooper pipe go all the way into a tee and bl…

Popularity: 62

alot of times if the fittings are close together the solder takes but doesen't get full penetration. over time the pressure of the water will push through the solder joint. the best thing to do is drain down the system and replace the leaky joints. More than likely the plumber used too much flux or…

Popularity: 71

The pressure in your tank should be checked with water drained from the tank, with the water drained the air pressure in the tank should be set 2psi lower than your kick in pressure. So for a kick in pressure of 25psi the tank air pressure should be set at 23psi.Ans 2 - Water should NOT be totally d…

Popularity: 48

Not without breaking up some concrete or crawling under it, if you have a wood floor, and you will have to know where you can tie it into the existing system before beginning anything.

Popularity: 36

Low Water Pressure The further away your taps are (example: the bathroom) the less water pressure you have. If you have a lot of trees around your property I suggest getting "Rotor Rooter" in to clean out your pipes. Especially in an older home the pipes can have all sorts of odd things in the…

Popularity: 48

The pressure can be adjusted at the pump. You may need to replace the inlet to the home with 3/4 inch water line. If you have 1/2 inch line and a high iron content, the pipes may be partially plugged.Ans 2 - You don't say if this is a shallow well with jet pump or a deep well (over 75 feet) with a s…

Popularity: 54

The easiest way to do this, is to tie into the drain below the lavatory piping as it connects to the vertical pipes in the wall.Cut in the tee for the washer below the tee for the lavatory.Run the 1 1/2" or 2" pipe horisontaly to the washer location,and add a p-trap of the same size.If the p-trap is…

Popularity: 94

i found a great website for discount shower heads, but it also has a great support section with step by step pictures and instructions, including tips on increasing water pressure.htp://www.showerstore.com

Popularity: 51

Not much choice other than to shut off the water to the entire house at the meter or at a secondary valve that may be installed where the water main enters the house.Yes, that is the only way, other than freezing the pipe using a special tool some plumbers carry, where if no valves are found or if a…

Popularity: 52

If you have an old complex built pre 80's, you may not have pressure balance shower valves. Replace existing valve with a new pressure balance valve. The problem is most notable in second and above floors, but can occur at the ground level as well.Setting at the water heater has been chaged. This …

Popularity: 43

Replace the flapper. If that doesn't work, try a Flusher Fixer Kit.

Popularity: 44

Replace the shower valve.

Popularity: 51

Adjust pressure regulator valve (P.R.V.) Turn clockwise. remove water saver from shower head

Popularity: 61

Shower valve is bad. Replace it.Ans 2 - Shower valves often become plugged with debris. Many of them can simply be cleaned by carefully removing the control lever and and ball and then picking out the debris. Be careful to lay all parts in order if you dismantle it. This may take about an hour, but …

Popularity: 43

the new one has a aeriator that's working right

Popularity: 31

the blue could be from over use of a joint compound used by plumbers. Have you recently had work done? If so it should go away after it is flushed out for awhile. good luck snm

Popularity: 32

Because by flushing the toilet while using the shower, you have removed some of the water pressure on the cold side. This decreases the amount of water flowing to the shower head. Therefore changing the mix more toward the hot side. Answer this is also due to incorrect pipe size installation of cold…

Popularity: 50

You might want to replace your seats inside the body of the faucet. You can pick up a seat wrench at any Home Depot or plumbing supply house. Burrs on the seats casue your washers to get cut and, inturn, they cause the faucet to leak. If that doesnt work, chances are that you have a hairlne fracture…

Popularity: 39

For Moen, there is a part called a "posi temp" and this can be replaced to manage the hot water. You may need a specialized tool called a puller. There is an amusing You Tube with Steven Lavmoniere that shows the process to do this. Maybe. If it is a Moen or other type of single handle shower valv…

Popularity: 34

Buy a new toilet. The trap in the toilet probably has a crack in it allowing the water in the bowl to leak out.ANS 2 - Have you carefully inspected the bowl for cracks ? - Please do this first, before rushing out and wasting money. There may be other reasons for this/

Popularity: 34

Yes. It is called a carrier fitting. These are only sold at plumbing supply stores. I would not suggest trying to install it by yourself.

Popularity: 23

Yes. If not it will be a wet vent and cause MAJOR problems.

Popularity: 34

simple, you increase the height of the storage tank thus increasing the water head pressure to the cylinder or install a continuous rated pump (but not recommend) for best results change the cylinder to an unvented (output: potentially 22ltrs at 3 bar) :o)

Popularity: 52

Yes, programmable thermostats can reduce the energy used for air conditioning or heating by 5 to 30%. Programmable thermostats save money by turning the air conditioner to a higher setting (or heater to a lower setting) when no one is present in the house, or in the evenings when it is cooler. [Fro…

Popularity: 114

Balance insulation is best way to keep heating and cooling costs down, For that propose glass window & Doors at your home is a natural way which has been admired by peoples from A longer time. But it gives a versatile look to your home if it installed well.

Popularity: 115

A good rule of thumb for HVAC contractors is usually 600 square feet per ton of cooling. With a 2200 square ft. home you should have no less than a 3.5 ton heat pump with no more than a 10kw heat strip. This is a general figure. The type of windows and how many you have plays a big part in the fact…

Popularity: 112

Regular cleaning can be done with detergent and water, and rinsed; or commercial household cleaners or bathroom cleaners used according to label directions. Do not use scouring powders or other abrasives which can scratch the finish. Special cleaning may be needed for ceramic tile in bathrooms if t…

Popularity: 202

Latex is water-based paint, so take a very thin rag, put it over the edge of a putty knife and scrape very carefully. It should come off quite easily. Don't rush this job! Take your time and the latex should come off like butter.If the paint has a tenacious bond, use some denatured alcohol to slowly…

Popularity: 179

Good luck. I did that several years ago and never could get it off. I ended up painting the concrete. You could try muriatic acid, though, that's the only thing I did not try, just because I'd never heard of it.   Paint stripper.

Popularity: 181

First, brush off the loose ashes. Spray the brick with water. Then, mix a mild cleaner with water and use that to clean off the soot.

Popularity: 228

Alternatives to Painters Tape     There are a few that I try + Spray shield, slide it up or under the baseboard. Mainly if you are able to slide it under the baseboards it works wonders. +Use painters tape and seal it with painter's caulk. I've tried the green tape and it sometim…

Popularity: 99

Aha! I just had this problem this past summer, but it was just the normal squirrels. My husband had to rent a trap (won't harm the squirrels)and put a lump of peanut butter in the cage to attract them (they love it!) Sounds like you have a family of them, so it's going to take you several trips. Too…

Popularity: 21

The gravity is the same regardless of flooring type. The bouncyness of the floor depends on the floor material and this is what affects how high the ball will bounce. For example, carpet will absorb energy and ball will not bounce as high as on concrete or a sprung wood floor, which do not take a lo…

Popularity: 36

An easy way is to use a paint scraper. Any sharp edged object should be useful.It is important that you do this regularly...soot can actually catch fire if left to build up, and can therefore be very dangerous.

Popularity: 74

Answer Buy a spud pistol and shoot them. This is the best way. I am going to do this myself. Shooting at them annoys them and this puts them off. Continuous sniping at them for many years leads them to learn to stay away. But lizards being slow learners, this may take time. If any one knows a bet…

Popularity: 54

Answer here's a few more pennies... The glue preferred by pool pros for this application is Mr. Sticky's Underwater Glue. It is sticky underwater, does not become brittle, easy to work with. you can find it at mrstickys.com Well here is my 2 cents worth, I am not in the pool repair business b…

Popularity: 23

If there are supply valves feeding the supply lines connecting your faucet, they may be closed, or simply your faucet components/inserts and or supply lines may be restricted.ANS 2 - most common cause for this is a plugged aerator or stop valve.

Popularity: 21

Answer light a fire CHECK AND SEE IF AN ANIMAL OR BIRD HAS BUILT NEST WHICH IS KEEPING YOUR CHIMNEY'S FLUE OPEN. Answer You need to close the damper. look inside the flute 4 handle,and push or pull. Answer It could either be your Flue is stuck open slightly or you have a crack in the chimney...eithe…

Popularity: 89

If its a nice big wide dent you may be able to pop it out take off the door panel make sure the window is up use a small block of wood to pop it out if its a small dent then you need a grinder pondo primer paint sander etc a lot of time an patience When a dent occurs, the metal is pushed in. The …

Popularity: 25

If the toilet and shower are in an upper floor then there is a PVC drain for both that will drain to either the sewer or septic. If there is a vertical piece to this, as there is in my basement, then you actually get some dribbling and running sounds from the water 'falling' down that vertical PVC. …

Popularity: 32

Answer Since there are so many different advances in "indoor plumbing" recorded from many time periods it is hard to be precise. I found this webiste to be of much help. http://www.theplumber.com/H_index.html Hope this helps to answer. -JRB- Answer The earliest identifiable flushing toile…

Popularity: 59

I have used a product called Goof Off. One could probably purchase it at Home Depot. It is specifically used to remove water-based, latex paints off of fabric or other surfaces. I would test a small spot first to make sure it will not damage of discolor the surface. I have used this on fabric be…

Popularity: 89

Using Underwater Glue, you can easily repair pool liners without draining the pool. Instructions are below. 1. Get a piece of PVC (vinyl) liner patch material that would provide a surface approx 2" larger than the slit all the way around the slit. 2. If possible, rough up with sandpaper both the a…

Popularity: 41

I would glue it with silicon and hold the edges with tape till firm.

Popularity: 29

Answer Go to your local hardware store and ask them this question. There are all sorts of products to get rid of that rust (most of it) before going to the expense of putting a liner up. Answer I agree: fix the cause of the rust and remove the rust before attempting to cover it up. If not, you …

Popularity: 160

Towel Bar HeightHere is input:Whatever height is most comfortable for you considering your height. If you are remodeling a home to sell, I would place it at around 4 feet. Just make sure that a large bath towel will not drag on the floor.Standard adult towel bar height is indeed 48". For kids, 36" i…

Popularity: 278

Just today we had a company come out to work on a home we just purchased that has a neww bladder tank, they said it should be at 38p.s.i. pre charge is set at aprox 15 lbs P.S.I. Set well pressure at 55 to 60 lbs  A better rule of thumb is the pump cut-in pressure minus 2 psi.ANS 4 -Factory p…

Popularity: 35

I'm from British Columbia, Canada and we have the odd year where we are over-run with yellow jackets. Yellow jackets hatch out in grassy areas so go to your local nursery and ask them what environmentally safe product you can put on your grass to safetly get rid of them. It's doubtful they do build …

Popularity: 21

Depending if your on a well or public water system ,Well sys just increase your pressure with your pressure switch ,adjustment of your pressure regulator valve if so equiped (turn in )clockwisePlumbers generally apply a narrow vent in the tubular flow of your plumbing pipes to increase the water pre…

Popularity: 17

I recently installed a new pump and filter. The tools and materials that I needed were: 1. Screwdriver for connecting the electrical wires to the pump. 2. An 8 foot piece of PVC pipe from Home Depot. 3. An assortment of PVC elbows and adaptor fittings for the pipes (also from Home Depot) 4. PVC prim…

Popularity: 35

Try using 3-m spray glue. make sure surface is clean. squirt a "light"coat on both surfaces, let it sit for a minute, lay it down. WARNING once you lay it down, you cant pull it up again, so do it right the first time.

Popularity: 60

Answer I would think the bathroom has leaked....alot of pipes to a bath, could be any of them. At least you know, now you can fix the problem, and use Kilz to paint with it does cover mold and mildew. Answer The worst problem is not fixing the pipes, but fixing the resultant damage. It is pos…

Popularity: 78

Answer garden bugs

Popularity: 24

Hire an expert to install a support bar to hold the weight of the AC. The support bar must be mounted to the surface of the building, most preferably, a brick building.

Popularity: 53

u can use construction adhesive or build the wall out w/ 2x4 on the flat .....then glue @ nail 2 the wood. better yet use small concrete nails into mortar joints thru 1" x 3/4" furring strips spaced an 16" centers. small lag screws into lead expanders work well if mortar is too hard and as stated ab…

Popularity: 103

You can purchase Loctite Auto Mirror Adhesive to replace the rear view mirror at any auto parts store or Walmart. Follow the directions to the letter.

Popularity: 57

It depends on the valve, who makes it and what model is it?you have a cross connection in the water system ( I don't think it is the value, most of the time it is on your washing machine hot and cold water valve. Go to a faucet away from the machine and turn on the water. Then go listen at the machi…

Popularity: 20

you can use either "bondo" or "Minwax Wood Filler" to patch the wood.Dont mix more that you can use in 5-10 min.. Use a good stiff putty knife,let set ,sand, then prime and paint.This will hold up in Minnesota winters/summers(not to mention bondo is used on cars and boats). Hope this will work for …

Popularity: 71